Two new glycerol esters, (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(octanoyloxy)propyl tetracosanoate (1) and (S)-3-(((S)-11-acetoxy octadecanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl diacetate (2), and eight known compounds, docosanedioic acid (3), 2,5-dimethylnonadecane (4), lupeol (5), stigmasterol (6), βsitosterol (7), heptadecanoic acid (8), hexanedioic acid, 1,6-bis[(2R)-ethylhexyl] ester (9), and 10) were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia daedalanthera Pierre, collected from Indonesia. Structural analysis of the isolates was performed using 1D-and 2D-NMR, LC-and GC-MS, IR, polarimetry, and UV-visible spectroscopic methods.Cytotoxicity assessments, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis of the isolates, were also completed. Lupeol was the only compound found active with an IC 50 value of 19.2 µM against HT-29 colon cancer cells. Significant ROS inhibition and induction activity was observed for compounds 4 and 8, respectively.

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the world is more than 230 million people, increases about 3% in a year. Kayu Sarampa or Nyirih batu (Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roen) has traditionally been used to treat diabetic patient by native people in Ratahan, North Celebes, Indonesia. Therefore, this research was sequentially extracted bioactive component from stem bark of kayu sarampa showed alpha glucosidase inhibitor. Objective: To assess antioxidants and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract from stem bark of Kayu Sarampa. Method: The Stem bark was extracted with Reflux method using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as mobile phae/solvent. The Hexane Extract (HE), Ethyl Acetic Extract (EAE) and Methanol Extract (ME) were subjected to the antioxidant activity assay by the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. Antidiabetic activity was determined by enzymatic alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Results: The extract which had the highest activity based on the DPPH test and FRAP test was the ME compared with EAE, and HE with IC 50 values of 16.51 μg/mL, 34.10 51 μg/mL, and 38.82 51 μg/mL , respectively. Ferrous equivalent antioxidant capacity (FeEAC) method, methanolic extract had a higher reduction capacity than the EH and EEA which were 148.96 μmol/gr, 48.96 μmol/gr, and 148.96 μmol/gr, respectively. The result showed that kayu sarampa stem bark exhibited antidiabetic activity due to its high inhibition compared with control (acarbose). ME showed inhibition of 53,11% followed with EAE 49,7%, HE 44,53%, and acarbose as control 29,32%.Conclusion: stem bark of kayu sarampa have bioactive component as alpha glucosidase inhibitor

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Antidesma is a genus of plants, and its several species are known to have antidiabetic properties. Leaves of Kayu Tuah (Antidesma celebicum Miq) have been proven to have the best α-glucosidase inhibition ability compared to other species in the Antidesma genus, as evidenced by the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition test. However, no scientific studies have reported its antidiabetic properties and toxicity in vivo. Therefore, this research managed to verify the antidiabetic features and safety of ethanolic extract of A. celebicum leaves (EEAC) in Sprague–Dawley rats. Male rats (170–280 g) were induced diabetic with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg BW) and fed a high-fat diet comprising 24% fat, whereas control group rats were given a standard diet. Rats were treated with EEAC at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW doses for 28-days and 60 mg/kg BW acarbose for the control group. Determination of antidiabetic properties was done by analyzing lipid profiles as well as fasting blood glucose. After confirming the antidiabetic properties of EEAC, the toxicological assessment was determined using the fixed-dose method. General behavior changes, appearance, signs of toxicity, mortality, and body weight of animals were marked down during the observation period. When the treatment period ended, hematological, biochemical, and histological examinations of liver, kidneys, and heart sections were performed. The results confirmed that EEAC reduced fasting blood glucose levels and stepped forward lipid profiles of rats. Also, all animals survived, and no obvious destructive outcomes were noticeable during the study. As EEAC has promising results toward hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and has been proven safe through toxicity tests, it can be concluded that EEAC has good potential to be further developed into antidiabetic drugs.

The 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR were recorded in deuterated chloroform on JEOL 500 MHz instrument. Silica gel 60, 70-230 mesh ASTM (Merck 7734) was used for column chromatography, Mayer's reagent was used for alkaloid screening, TLC aluminum sheets (20 × 20 cm Silica gel 60 F 254 ), were used in the TLC analysis. The TLC spots were visualized under UV light (254 and 366 nm) followed by spraying with Dragenderff 's reagent for an alkaloid detection. Alkaloid from Phoebe declinata Nees LeavesABSTRACT Introduction: Genus Phoebe have been reported to produce isoquinoline alkaloids as aporphines, noraporphines, and benzylisoquinolines. Many of these isolates exhibit diversified biological activities, including cytotoxic activity. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine cytotoxic activity of compound isolated from Phoebe declinata againts MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line). Methods: Extraction was done by reflux using n-hexane, antioxidant activity measured by DPPH method and reducing power method, cytotoxic activity measured by MTT assay using MCF-7 cell line, struture eucidation was confirmed by NMR. Results: The antioxidant activity measured using DPPH method for 1 and 2 showed IC 50 value of 6.42 and 11.80 µg/mL respectively and using reducing power method for 1 and 2 showed IC 50 value of 7.02 and 13.74 µg/mL respectively. Compound (1) and (2) exhibited cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC 50 value of 82.978 and 93.179 μg/mL. Conclusion: Compound (1) and (2) exhibited antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity against MCF-7.