Background: The aim of the study was to do universal hearing screening of all newborns using otoacoustic emission (OAE), to know the incidence and risk factors of hearing loss in neonates.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore city in Karnataka. 950 neonates were screened with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) during the study period of one year from 2017 to 2018. A repeat test was done at one and a half months of age if the first test failed. Auditory brain stem evoked response (ABER) was performed at 3 months of age if both the tests failed. Babies with hearing loss were referred to ENT specialist for further management. Comparison of the variables was done by student’s t test and Chi-square test. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of the 950 newborns screened with DPOAE test, 204 (21.4 %) babies had abnormal screen either in single or both ears. 7 out of 204 (3.43%) babies had abnormal OAE on repeat testing at one and half months. 2 out of 7 babies (0.96 %) had significant hearing loss ABER was performed at 3 months of age.Conclusions: Early identification by screening of hearing loss prevents a significant public health concern. Early recognition and intervention prior to 6 months have a significant positive impact on development.

This study reveals the wide range of cervical epithelial cell abnormalities present in the population. The information provided in this study emphasizes the need for a national cervical screening program to estimate the actual magnitude of the problem, identify 'at risk 'women and decrease the mortality from cervical cancer.

Introduction: Septic shock in pediatric age group is likely due to result of sequence of disorders that is due to infection by viruses, bacteria, parasite, fungi or toxins of organisms. The outcome is improved with early recognition and resuscitation of sepsis and septic shock in the golden first few hours of PICU admission. Hence, we conducted this retrospective surgery between PICU shock index in ICU mortality and morbidity. Material & Methods: The study was retrospective and performed in 1 paediatric intensive care unit in Department of Paediatrics, A. J Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka.The following specimen data were collected 0,2,4,6,hours after admission : HR and SBP for SI calculation. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their outcome(death/survival) Results: A total of 75 children admitted with septic shock between June 2018 and May 2020 were included.Shock index was significantly different between survivors and non survivors at 0,2,4,6 hours of admission (P-0.003,P-0.029,P-0.043,P-0.006 respectively) compared to HR and SBP alone separately. The cutoff point of SI for death in our study at 0 hours is < 1.7 with sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 62.3%, at 2 hours cutoff is <1.6 with sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 70%, at 4 hrs cutoff is < 1.55 with sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 66%, at 6 hours cutoff is < 1.5 with sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 68%. Conclusions: In our population of children with septic shock, SI was a clinically relevant and easily calculated predictor of mortality.It could be better measure of hemodynamic status than HR and SBP alone, allowing for early recognition of severe sepsis.

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB) is one of the most common causes of perinatal dyspnea and is traditionally diagnosed by chest x-ray. Lung ultrasound is an upcoming tool which is being proved in recent studies to have a better diagnostic capability with the main characteristic feature being the Double Lung Point. Aims & objectives: To define ultrasonographic appearance of TTNB, evaluate its clinical relevance for early diagnosis and compare the outcome with xray and to assess the diagnostic ability of Double lung point.Subjects and Methods:All newborns presenting with tachypnea within 4 hours of life in 1 ½ years of study period. (November 2017-May 2019) were enrolled for study. Methods of collection of data: All newborns fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included as study subjects, At same time CHEST XRAY and LUS were done. Statistical analysis: Fisher’s exact test was used as test of significance for qualitative data. Continuous data was represented as mean and standard deviation. Mann Whitney U test and Kruskul-wallis test was used for subgroup analysis. P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Result:In study period of 1 ½ years 99 cases which were admitted in NICU with respiratory distress meeting the criteria were included. 60 cases were diagnosed to have TTNB, 34 RDS & 5 Pneumonia. Chest xray and Lung ultrasound (LUS) of these 60 TTNB cases were compared . LUS of TTNB and other cases was also compared for presence of double lung point (DLP). The sensitivity & specificity of DLP in diagnosis of TTNB was noted to be 68 % & 100 % respectively with 100 % Positive predictive value. Thus confirming LUS to be a more reliable diagnostic tool than x-ray.Conclusion:Therefore LUS could be used widely in NICU as 1st line of diagnostic medium in diagnosis of various respiratory conditions and early initiation of treatment accordingly.