Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 infants aged <1 month with proven UTI admitted to three major teaching hospitals for the period 2010-2018 to assess clinical, demographic, and laboratory findings of urinary tract infection in this age group. Methods: All information was extracted from the medical records. Urinary tract infection was defined as ≥ 50,000 colony-forming units per milliliter of a single uropathogen isolated from a catheterized or suprapubic aspiration or greater than 100,000 colony-forming units per milliliter from a midstream, clean-catch sample. Results: The most common pathogen isolated was E. coli (78.4%), followed by Enterobacter and Klebsiella, accounting for 12.1 and 4.7% respectively. The main presenting clinical manifestation was jaundice, which was found in 54.7% of cases; it was followed by restlessness (45.6%) and fever (40%). Conclusion: During infancy, the signs and symptoms of UTI are often nonspecific and although urine culture is a gold standard diagnostic tool specimen collection is challenging and urine contamination is common in children, therefore it makes the diagnosis difficult. UTI in infants may indicate underlying genitourinary abnormalities; therefore, appropriate diagnosis and immediate initiation of antibiotic therapy are crucial to decrease long-term complications like renal scarring. According to our study, the most common clinical features were jaundice, restlessness, and fever, therefore it is suggested that urine culture should be performed for all infants presenting with these signs and symptoms.

: Most primary small cells carcinoma develop from the lung, and extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma accounts for less than 5% of all small cell carcinoma cases. In the head and neck region, the most common sites are the larynx and salivary glands; however primary involvement of the palate is extremely rare. The extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma is similar to its pulmonary counterpart regarding morphology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy features and derives from pluripotential stem cells that develop neuroendocrine features. There is growing evidence regarding the ability of extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma to arise from pluripotent basilar cells capable of divergent differentiation with the consequence of arising neuroendocrine phenotype as a trans-differentiation phenomenon in the progression of an organ-specific carcinoma. The differentiation between primary and metastatic extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma is challenging. There is also no standard guideline for treatment as it is a rare occasion, and there is no consensus between radiation oncologists and cancer surgeons about the best treatment strategy. In this study, a very rare case of hard palate small cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine pathology features is presented. To our best of knowledge, this is the third case report of extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma involving the palate in the literature review. Knowing the clinical presentation and pathology characteristics of such rare tumor in addition to follow-up outcome can be highly useful to establish a reliable guideline for hard palate small cell carcinoma management.