India’s energy needs are in demand with the increase in energy and other electric uses which is highest among the world. There are sectors which heavily rely on energy generated by fossil fuels but there is also seen a paradigm shift towards renewable energy sources. If India continues to rely on the former then they end up blocking development in energy system meeting uncertainties and face difficulties in supply of fossil fuels. To meet the fast-growing economy, India needs to supply the energy 3-4 times more of what they are supplying now. Government of India has become aware of the situation and has started facilitating polices in action towards a sustainable energy. As of 2019, India’s on grid renewable energy capacity is 85.9 GW. Government is working to establish 500 GW of renewable energy source by 2030.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the technological innovation taken place in pharmaceutical industry based on institutional research and the gaps between the investment made in research the utilisation of research by the industry. Though the topic is open for argument but it will be beneficial for public policy makers concerned with science and technology and economist thriving for technological change and innovation. The paper aims at putting a discussion for a need on investment and private businesses collaboration with institutional research. This gives space and time for new knowledge to transform the existing technology for betterment of life. It critically talks in the context of pharmaceutical companies in India while getting an outline from industrially developed countries. It highlights the fact that first industry academia collaboration enhancement agenda was held on 5th March 2013, in New Delhi. This itself explains the requirement of institutional research for technological upliftment which will further be supported by literature presented by the researchers. The international scenario showed that 1980’s Bayh Dole Act of United States is the best model to strengthen the industry and research collaboration. The model has been implemented worldwide. This paper presents the analysis of countries like U.S.A, United Kingdom, China and OCED countries. The reason for this is that these countries have well developed academia industry collaboration and strategic partnership between them. Though these countries have better GDP and stable economy. However, India is a growing economy and new ideas will help it in making it stronger. India is at a starting stage of developing the process academia research and industry collaboration, so there is a way for new strategies to make way in the bottleneck for collaboration. Even in India Bayh Dole Act has been implemented under different name. But one of the major challenges regarding its implementation that India receives is in transparency and clarity in terms of policy and lack of inputs from different organisations. In addition, different are positive about India’s growth and in order to sustain such growth in coming years it is imperative to have technological advancement and innovation to accelerate to propel the economic growth of the country. Thus, research centres near firms seems to get more related to research work concerned or required by the industry. In other words, in industry research collaboration geographical proximity has main of the main role to play in it. The study bases its argument on rich literature that advocates that the collaboration is beneficial for both research and industry.

India had its first case of COVID- 19 on January 30th 2020. Slowly the numbers started to increase by mid of February and so is the information on poultry products. Till January 2020 the prices of poultry products were 147.65 rupees per kg until there was a sharp drop in March 2020. The reason behind it was the rumours that coronavirus is caused by the consumption of poultry products. This paper tries to point to out that how these rumours have badly affected the poultry prices in India by looking at a source on which the information is passed on and also the condition under which people tend to believe such rumours. The study emphasis on the fact that such rumours have affected the business of rural population, in particular, making them sell their products at a lower price.

Pharmaceutical industry is crucial for mankind and contributes in some way in socio economic development of the society through jobs, community welfare, and supply chains. Indian pharmaceutical companies are one of the largest markets in the world, estimated 10% of global production and 2% of world market. The industry is has shown significant growth in infrastructure development, producing wide range of pharmaceutical products with new technical advancements. The country is famous for producing and providing pharmaceutical products at much cheaper prices than the US and EU. However, the country lacks in investment in research on rare disease or orphan drugs. This paper tries to highlight the ways in which the market in orphan drugs can grow in India with the help of international partners. Objective: The objective of the study was to look at existing orphan drug policies and how we can aim at making it more equitable in India. Methods: Research is completely based on secondary data from online journals and government data. The study is analytical in its approach and is descriptive in nature. Results: Pharmaceutical companies invest less in Orphan drugs as they do not mark an assured profit with present investment. Conclusions: To maintain the interest of Indian pharmaceutical companies it is suggested that, Indian companies should work in collaboration with countries which lead in orphan drug markets.