We analyzed a calculation of combining ability (CA) of 21 sunflower genotypes of Russian and foreign breeding by seed yield and head square, determined in a scheme of top-cross. Also there is considered a relation of mean squires of variability of common and specific combining abilities with a purpose to determine prevailing effects of gens. We revealed the sunflower variety samples with high meanings of effects of common combining ability and dispersion of specific combining ability as well as hybrid combinations F1 with high effects of specific combining ability.

The article presents the evaluation results of soybean sample varieties of the world collection of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources by economic characters in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. We identified the most early ripening samples by the duration of the growth season and interstage periods. We noted the soybean sample varieties with the highest attachment of the lower bean, the maximum seed weight per plant, thousand-seed weight, and high biochemical seed qualities. We identified the genotypes with an optimal combination of the listed characteristics for further use in various areas of breeding work.

We conducted the comparative analysis of bioenergetic efficiency of production of seeds of corn hybrids developed in breeding centers – participants of the Coordination Council on breeding and seed production of corn, included into the State register of breeding achievements permitted for production in the Russian Federation. We revealed corn hybrids with relatively high yield of gross energy: Neon 147 МV (71.4 GJ/ha), Katerina SV (68.4 GJ/ha), and crude protein: Neon 147 МV (0.45 t/ha), RNIISK-1 (0.43 t/ha), Baykal (0.44 t/ha).

We estimated combining ability of inbred corn lines by a trait amount of seeds from a cob’. Amount of seeds from a cob is one of the important traits for plant selection with a purpose to increase their yield. Prevalence of additive effects of gens in a control of this trait is noted. We revealed lines with low and high meanings of combining ability by an amount of seeds from a cob.