Exhaust gas heat utilization in the form of Thermal Energy Recovery (TER) has attracted a major interest due to its potentials with Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Recovering useful energy, for example in the form of electrical power from the engine exhaust waste heat could benefit in the form of direct fuel economy or increase in the available electric power for the auxillary systems. The methodology in this paper includes the assessment of each waste heat recovery technology based on the current research and development trends for automotive application. It also looked into the potential for energy recovery, performances of each technology and factors affecting its implementation. Finally, the work presents an Electric Turbo Compounding (ETC) simulation using a Ford Eco-Boost as a baseline engine modeled with the 1-Dimensional AVL Boost software. A validated 1-D engine model was used to investigate the impact on the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) at full load. This paper presents some reviews on the turbo-compounding method and also the modelling efforts and results of an electric turbo-compounding system. Modelling shows that the turbo-compounding setup can be more beneficial than turbo-charging alone.

Large amount of heat energy is wasted in Internal Combustion (IC) engine through the exhaust manifold, coolant, convective and radiative heat transfer. Significant amount of thermal energy waste occurring at the exhaust manifold of the IC engine can be recovered using various contemporary heat recovering techniques. The paper presented the viability of using turbo compounding waste heat recovering technique in recovering a significant amount of waste energy occurring at the exhaust of a heavily downsized engine. Electric turbo compounding (ETC) simulation using Ford Eco-Boost base line engine with modification using Hy-Boost modelled with AVL Boost software was carried out for the analysis. The simulation results show a 3% reduction in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), 0.5 bar Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) increase and up to 2 kW of power output were realized at engine speed of 2500 rpm. The result clearly indicates the effectiveness, viability and commercialization potentials of this waste heat recovery technique.