The ammoniacal silver reaction (ASR) for cationic proteins was used as a cytochemical marker for the primary or A granules in the cytoplasm of developing heterophils of chick bone marrow. The presence of the electron-dense particulate reaction product of silver, which is localized in the fully formed rod-shaped A granules, provides a marker by which the A granules could be distinguished from the B granules of similar size and by which the formation and maturation of both granule types could be followed through the developmental stages. Progressive developmental stages were ascertained on the basis of decreasing cell size, increasing condensation and margination of the chromatin, and the number and morphology of the granules; the stages were divided into promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte and heterophil. During the promyelocyte stage, the first appearance of the electron-dense, membrane-bound, spherical granules (0.3--1.0 micrometer in diameter) is observed in the vicinity of an extensive Golgi complex. They occur in a cytoplasm containing rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomal clusters, centrioles, mitochondria, microtubules, as well as the membranes, saccules, vesicles and vacuoles of the Golgi complex. These granules are considered as primary but their presence as the only granule type appears very brief. The ASR reaction product is first detected on the surface of these primary granules in late promyelocytes or myelocytes. The secondary or B granule, devoid of reaction for cationic protein at all stages, appears as a condensing vacuole in promyelocytes, but after some A granules are already present. The vacuole contents condense to form the B granules which are 0.1--0.6 micrometer in diameter, often oval-shaped, and contain a loose filamentous material surrounded by a membrane. Tertiary C granules or lysosomes appear during the myelocyte stage as dense core vesicles (0.1--0.2 micrometer in diameter) negative for cationic protein.
pirical phenomenon that proves to be roughly as predicted, this significantly confirms every one of the distinguishable propositions explicitly or implicitly conjoined in H. Explanatory induction welcomes the phenomenon, but insists that we heed all of its interpretable details, not just fragments most congenial to H, and that our interpretation take pains to distinguish explanatory conclusions that the extant data substantially warrant (which may or may not be among H's central tenets and which may or may not be points of contention between H and its main rivals) from conjectures in H that these data leave no more plausible, if not less so, than before. Only in this way can explanatory speculations be purefied and annealed into theories provisionally worth believing. I leave it for you to judge how often in psychology's modern climate of hypotheticodeductive licentiousness we have managed to achieve the latter. This is scarcely the place for a crash course in explanatory induction's operational specifics. But before that can be installed in our graduate methodology education with the same respect (though, it is hoped, less rote indoctrination) now given to sampling statistics, our spokespersons on professional affairs must first come to appreciate its practical importance if we still aspire for psychology to be a hard science.
Our intention is to share our lived experiences as educators of educators employing Imaginative Education (IE) pedagogy. We aim to illuminate IE’s influence on our students’, and our own, affective alertness, and to leave readers feeling the possibility of this pedagogy for teaching and learning. Inspired by the literary and research praxis of métissage (Chambers et al., 2012; Hasebe-Ludt et al., 2009; Hasebe-Ludt et al., 2010), we offer this polyphonic text as a weaving together of our discrete and collective voices as imaginative teacher educators. Our writing reflects a relational process, one that invites us as writers and colleagues to better understand each other and our practices as IE educators (Hasebe-Ludt et al., 2009). It also allows us to share with other practitioners our struggles, questions, and triumphs as we make sense of our individual and collective praxis: how IE’s theory informs our practice, and how our practice informs our understanding of IE’s theory. This text, like IE’s philosophy, invites heterogeneous possibilities.
Background: Telemedicine allows for interprofessional care of geriatric patients and allows older adults to access healthcare from their homes. The coronavirus pandemic has prompted a rapid shift to telemedicine. In 2016-2017, only 58% of medical schools in the US offered telemedicine curricula. Thus, a large gap in medical education has emerged. There are specific skills needed to ensure students’ “webside” manner is comparable to their bedside manner.This curriculum was created to train medical students in geriatric-sensitive telemedicine using standardized patients (SP). Methods: A didactic detailing geriatric interviewing preceded the SP encounter. Students were assigned roles for the SP encounter as follows: A) Set agenda, elicit questions, triage problems, perform a history, ensure appropriate lighting and audio B) Perform a geriatric review of systems and reconcile medications C) Present an assessment and plan to the preceptor D) Relay the plan to the SP E) Provide feedback. Students were given pre- and post-surveys to assess their comfort using telemedicine and caring for SP’s >65 years old. Results: Seventeen participants were surveyed (pre-survey=17, post-survey=10). Fifty-nine percent of participants reported no prior experience with telemedicine. Participants reported statistically significant increases in comfort using telemedicine (p=0.022), using telemedicine for patients >65 years old (p<0.001), interviewing patients >65 years old over telemedicine (p=0.007), managing patients over telemedicine (p=0.040), and managing patients >65 years old over telemedicine (p=0.001) after completing the curriculum. Discussion: This virtual curriculum improved medical student comfort with geriatric care and telemedicine and highlights the need for telemedicine curricula in medical schools.
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