Impaired glucose tolerance and previously unrecognized diabetes could be detected early in the stroke course, and persisted after 3 months in more than two-thirds of our patients. Post-load hyperglycaemia during the acute phase of stroke may be useful in identifying patients with abnormal glucose metabolism, which places them at risk for adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular disease.

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. However, a small number of patients present with visceral aneurysms. Although such aneurysms are rare, their presence in patients who are usually treated with lifelong anticoagulation raises important therapeutic problems, in view of the risk of aneurysm rupture and acute abdominal hemorrhage. We report the case of a young woman with APS who presented with abdominal bleeding due to ruptured common hepatic artery aneurysm. She was successfully treated by proximal ligation. The features of such aneurysms are discussed.

Recommended treatment of severe hypotonic hyponatremia is based on the infusion of 3% sodium chloride solution, with a daily correction rate below 10 mEq/L of sodium concentration, according to the Adrogué and Madias formula that includes the current desired change in sodium concentrations. However, such treatment needs close monitoring of the rate of infusion and does not take into account the body weight or age of the patient. This may result in hypercorrection and neurological damage. We made an inverse calculation using the same algorithms of the Adrogué and Madias formula to estimate the number of vials of sodium chloride needed to reach a correction rate of the serum sodium concentration below 0.4 mEq/h, taking into account the body weight and age of the patient. Three tables have been produced, each containing the number of vials to be infused, according to the patient’s age and body weight, the serum sodium concentration, and the rate of correction over 24 h to avoid the risk of brain damage. We propose a new practical model to calculate the need of sodium chloride infusate to safely correct the hyponatremia. The tables make treatment easier to manage in daily clinical practice in a wide range of patient ages and body weights.