We propose a new management approach for young infants with normal urinalysis and positive urine culture and suggest restricting the management option including hospitalisation, sepsis work/up and antibiotic treatment at second visit only to infants under one month of age.

The current research joins previous studies in examining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout among healthcare workers. The research focuses on the experiences of pediatric residents working in an emergency department both in normal times and during the Covid pandemic. Research conducted prior to and during the Covid pandemic outbreak shows negative psychological effects among healthcare workers. Most of that research was conducted within the positivistic-quantitative paradigm. The current study is qualitative and focuses on pediatric residents who provide medical services to a unique population in a peripheral region of Israel, namely the Bedouin-Arab population. The research questions are the following: What characterizes pediatric residents' work, in general and during the pandemic? Do they show signs of burnout and secondary trauma? How do they perceive their work with the Bedouin-Arab population, especially during the pandemic? The study, conducted within the phenomenological genre, included 14 pediatric residents in a large hospital in Israel's periphery. Semi-structured clinical interviews were employed, in addition to questionnaires that examined PTSD and burnout to enhance the reliability of the findings. The results show that all residents reported stressful incidents in which patients' physical integrity was threatened. The residents described the special nature of the medical cases they treated in routine times and during the pandemic outbreak, which stems mostly from the specific characteristics the population of Israel's periphery. While at the early stages of the pandemic, the residents experienced reduced work pressure, they reported substantial difficulties later in the crisis, which intensified their sense of physical and emotional stress. Most residents re-How to cite this paper:

Diabetic drivers are at increased risk to be involved in road crashes. While there is a large body of evidence regarding the effects of hypoglycemia on driving, very little is known about the effects of hyperglycemia on driving. The goal of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the effects of acute hyperglycemia (AH) on type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) drivers in comparison to euglycemic state. Eighteen T1DM drivers were asked to navigate twice through nine hazardous scenarios in a driving simulator during euglycemia and AH (mean glucose level 138±34 and 321±29 mg\dL respectively) in a counterbalanced crossover design. Driving performance was continually monitored for driving data and eye tracking data. During euglycemia, participants maintained a longer headway distance (Mean=50.46+26.2m) compared to AH (40.87+20.15m P<0.005). Under a state of euglycemia, participants had a fewer number of brakes per kilometers driven (4.31+3.867) compared to AH (6.69+5.192 P<0.05). This study provides evidence to the negative effects of acute hyperglycemia on driving performance.