The foremost target of the current work was to formulate and optimize a novel bergamot essential oil (BEO) loaded nano-phytosomes (NPs) and then combine it with spironolactone (SP) in order to clinically compare the efficiency of both formulations against acne vulgaris. The BEO-loaded NPs formulations were fabricated by the thin-film hydration and optimized by 32 factorial design. NPs’ assessments were conducted by measuring entrapment efficiency percent (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). In addition, the selected BEO-NPs formulation was further combined with SP and then examined for morphology employing transmission electron microscopy and three months storage stability. Both BEO-loaded NPs selected formula and its combination with SP (BEO-NPs-SP) were investigated clinically for their effect against acne vulgaris after an appropriate in silico study. The optimum BEO-NPs-SP showed PS of 300.40 ± 22.56 nm, PDI of 0.571 ± 0.16, EE% of 87.89 ± 4.14%, and an acceptable ZP value of −29.7 ± 1.54 mV. Molecular modeling simulations showed the beneficial role of BEO constituents as supportive/connecting platforms for favored anchoring of SP on the Phosphatidylcholine (PC) interface. Clinical studies revealed significant improvement in the therapeutic response of BEO-loaded NPs that were combined with SP over BEO-NPs alone. In conclusion, the results proved the ability to utilize NPs as a successful nanovesicle for topical BEO delivery as well as the superior synergistic effect when combined with SP in combating acne vulgaris.

Purpose. Chronic pelvic pain can influence women's quality of life and activity levels; it can lead to several adverse side effects, such as changes in posture and biomechanical alignment. The purpose of this study was to determine the biomechanical changes that occur in women experiencing chronic pelvic pain, either cyclic or noncyclic. Methods. A case-control study was conducted among 60 females from the Gynecology Physiotherapy Clinic of El-Hosary Women Health Care in 6th of October city. The participants were assigned into 3 groups: cyclic chronic pelvic pain group (A), noncyclic chronic pelvic pain group (B), and normal women group (C). An inclinometer was used to assess biomechanical changes in the angles of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region; furthermore, a pelvic inclinometer served to measure the pelvic inclination angle. Results. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant increase in biomechanical variables at the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical angles in group B compared with groups A and C and in group A compared with group C. Moreover, there was a significant increase in right and left pelvic inclination angles in groups A and B compared with group C, and no significant difference was observed between groups A and B. Conclusions. Biomechanical alignment changes are seen more frequently in women with noncyclic chronic pelvic pain and cyclic chronic pelvic pain than in normal women.