Objective To evaluate whether the method of fluorescein administration affects the results of tear film breakup time (TFBUT) measurement in normal dogs. Animals studied Thirty‐seven client and hospital staff owned dogs over 1 year of age with no known comorbidities or administration of systemic or topical ophthalmic medications. Procedures A prospective randomized three‐way crossover study was conducted. All dogs received an abbreviated ophthalmic examination to rule out ocular surface disease. Using a 30‐min washout interval period, each dog's right eye was received: (a) direct application of fluorescein stain strip with one drop of sterile eyewash, (b) direct application of fluorescein stain strip with two drops of sterile eyewash, or (c) application of one drop from a premade fluorescein solution (dilution of one strip in 0.3 mL sterile eyewash). Eyes were assessed using the cobalt blue filter of a slit lamp biomicroscope. TFBUT measurements were summarized as means ± standard deviation. The methods were compared using mixed model analysis of variance. All analyses were performed using sas version 9.4. Results Thirty‐seven dogs met the inclusion criteria. Mean TFBUT ± standard deviation (SD) for the three described methods were: (a) 16.58s ± 6.9, (b) 15.98s ± 7.1, and (c) 16.43s ± 8.1. No differences between fluorescein stain application techniques were observed (p = .92). Conclusion The technique of fluorescein solution administration did not affect TFBUT measurement in this population of healthy dogs.

Objective To document a case series using corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT) surgery with and without bioscaffolding matrix (ACell®) to repair deep corneal ulcers and perforations in dogs. Animals studied Eighteen dogs of various breeds that presented with deep or perforating corneal ulcers. Procedures Corneoconjunctival transposition grafts with or without ACell® were sutured using a simple interrupted 8‐0 or 9‐0 polyglactin 910 pattern. Results A total of eighteen dogs (19 eyes) were diagnosed with deep corneal ulcers (n = 7) and perforating corneal ulcers (n = 12). A CCT was performed in all eyes, with ten of them additionally receiving an ACell® graft. The majority of lesions were located axially in 14/19 (81%) eyes. Grafts were harvested from dorsal (n = 8), temporal (n = 5), ventral (n = 4), or nasal (n = 2) quadrants. Brachycephalic breeds (13/18) were over‐represented. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was present in 10/19 eyes (52.6%). Bacterial isolates were cultured from 8/19 eyes. Post‐operative therapy included topical antibiotics, plasma, cycloplegics, oral antibiotics, and oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. CCT integration with and without ACell® occurred at a median of 20 days (range 7‐38 days) post‐operatively with no significant difference between groups. Median follow‐up time was 188 days. Short‐term post‐operative complications included granulation tissue formation (19/19), corneal edema (4/19), graft retraction (4/19), and anterior synechia (1/19). Long‐term complications in 14 eyes with follow‐up >30 days included superficial corneal pigmentation (6/14) and epithelial inclusion cysts (5/14). Two eyes were nonvisual at last follow‐up due to cataract formation. Conclusions Corneoconjunctival transposition with ACell® can be utilized for corneal ulcer repair in dogs.

Objective To describe clinical and histopathologic pre‐operative diagnoses as well as associated post‐operative complications following orbital silicone implantation in dogs undergoing enucleation and evaluate owner satisfaction. Animals studied One hundred and eighty‐six dogs who underwent enucleation with orbital implant. Procedures Medical records from dogs that underwent enucleation with orbital implant performed at Virginia‐Maryland Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2007 and 2019 were reviewed. Owners were surveyed via telephone regarding client satisfaction. Results Enucleation followed by orbital implant placement occurred in 215 eyes of 186 dogs. The most common pre‐operative diagnoses were glaucoma (68.8%), uveitis (17.7%), cataracts (15.8%), intraocular neoplasia (13.0%), and lens luxation (10.7%). The most common histopathologic diagnoses were retinal degeneration (46.5%), uveitis (39.5%), cataract (29.8%), retinal detachment (27.4%), and secondary glaucoma (26.5%). Fourteen eyes (6.5%) from ten dogs had post‐operative complications reported including orbit cellulitis (n = 11), implant migration (n = 1), and implant extrusion (n = 1). Five of these dogs (50%) had concurrent diabetes mellitus. Median complication time from surgery was 41 days (range: 11–541 days). Ninety‐five owner survey responses were completed with a median time of 6.3 years following surgery. Most owners, 85.3% (n = 81), were satisfied with the post‐operative outcome. Conclusion Enucleation with implantation of an orbital implant is a viable and safe method for irreversibly blind eyes. Diabetes mellitus may be a risk factor for the development of post‐operative complications. Intraocular neoplasia was not associated with development of post‐operative complications. Results of this study indicated high owner satisfaction rates for improving cosmetic appearance after enucleation in dogs.

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging results, and treatment outcomes of a series of presumed spontaneous Descemet's membrane detachments (DMD), ruptures, or separations (DMRS) in the adult horse.Animals studiedTen adult horses of various breeds with DMD or DMRS.ProceduresDescemet's membrane detachments/DMRS were diagnosed via slit lamp biomicroscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and/or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) with heterologous corneal donor tissue (n = 1), superficial lamellar keratectomy, and Gundersen inlay flaps alone (GF, n = 1) or with subsequent intracamerally assisted corneal tissue welding (CTW, n = 2), or CTW alone (n = 5) were performed in 9/10 horses. One horse underwent spontaneous resolution (n = 1).ResultsTen horses were diagnosed with either unilateral DMD (n = 4) or DMRS (n = 6). Seven of ten eyes remained visual during the follow‐up period (8.16 ± 6.57 months). Graft transparency was good for the eye treated with PK. The horse that underwent GF alone was functionally blind due to persistent corneal edema. The clinical signs resolved in 3/5 horses that underwent CTW alone, but 2/5 eyes were enucleated due to corneal perforation. Both eyes treated with combined GF/CTW had significant corneal clearing with one having evidence of reattachment on UBM and OCT.ConclusionsDescemet's membrane detachments separations presents differently than typical DMD and advanced corneal imaging modalities may aid in their diagnosis. Corneal tissue welding using infraCG as the photosensitive agent, or in combination with Gundersen inlay flaps, represents a feasible treatment option for management of equine DMD/DMRS as described in the present case series.