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The Self-Confrontation Method (SCM; Hermans & Hermans-Jansen, 1995) was used to examine the relationship between emotional experience and attachment style in a college student sample (N ¼ 143). Securely attached participants were found to be significantly higher in positive affective experiences while fearful participants reported significantly less positive affect. Secure and dismissing participants reported significantly more affect directed toward self-enhancement than fearful participants. Dismissing participants reported significantly less affect directed toward connectedness with others when compared to secure, preoccupied and fearful participants. The implications of these findings for attachment theory, the utility of the SCM as a research tool and counseling are discussed.The Self-Confrontation Method (SCM) was developed by Hermans and Hermans-Jansen (1995) and designed to provide an idiographic measure of personality based on an individual's unique, emotion-laden meanings for significant life experiences. With the SCM, individuals are invited to construct valuations based on self-selected events and life episodes that are important to them; the process yields both quantitative and qualitative data about persons' narratives and the emotions imbedded in them (

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Background and aims: Past research suggests that sleep problems are associated with increased risky decision-making. Similarly, gambling disorder and alcohol use disorder are also associated with increased risky decision-making. Individuals with gambling disorder or alcohol use disorder have also reported higher rates of sleep problems compared to normal healthy controls. As such, we sought to examine whether sleep problems play a role in the development of alcohol use disorder or gambling disorder. Methods: One hundred and forty-one individuals who gamble and use alcohol, yet do not meet criteria for gambling disorder or alcohol use disorder, were assessed to determine the correlation between sleepiness, amount of sleep obtained, decision-making, and alcohol or gambling behaviors. Results: Our results suggest that inconsistent sleep patterns may be associated with increased frequency of alcohol use and gambling. We did not, however, find a significant correlation between sleep factors and decision-making. Discussion: Further research is needed to examine the specific relationship between sleep patterns and alcohol use and gambling frequency. Overall these data suggest that sleepiness or sleep and risky decision-making is not a significant factor in gambling and alcohol use behaviors in individuals not meeting criteria for alcohol use disorder or gambling disorder.