Objectives: The global phenomena of population aging-along with all its relevant issues, i.e. ailments, disabilities and problems threatening the physical and mental status of the elderly-is rapidly progressing in Iran among many other countries. On the other hand, socioeconomic developments as well as Individual and family lifestyle changes, have led to the growing number of residential facilities for the elderly. Regarding the importance of residential environment on various aspects of mental health, the study has measured and compared the stress, anxiety and depression between the elderly living in the nursery home and those living in the home. Method:This comparative descriptive study,conducted in a cross-sectional study, used a nonprobability sample of 436 old people of Tehran in 2017-including 218 community residents and 218 nursery homes residents. Participants were interviewed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale short-form version (DASS-21). Comparisons between the two groups were made using unrelated T-test via SPSSv.20. Findings:The mean and standard deviation average stress, anxiety and depression in elderly people who are residents of nursing home(37.75±11.34) is higher than home residents(26.68±5.64). The observed differences in stress, anxiety and depression between two group's were statistically significant (p ≤0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the stress, anxiety and depression in the elderly living in nursery home are more than those in the elderly living at home. Thus, providing more welfare and comforts in the home, supporting home-carers in some ways, establishing more elderly day care centers and providing better health insurance coverage for senior citizens would be very helpful to enhance the mental health of them.

1. Introduction ne aspect of old age is existential anxiety. Although it is a sincere response to ignorance and a consequence of consciousness, if one fails to give a meaningful response, it can lead to Demoralization Syndrome O (DS) [1, 2]. This syndrome can cause mental distress, reduced quality of life and even severe depression. The formation of adaptive or maladaptive responses to existential anxieties is influenced by several factors, including living place. Most seniors prefer to stay at home rather than moving to a nursing home [3]. However, the increase in the elderly population along with social, economic, personal and family lifestyle changes have increased the number of nursing homes [4]. The purpose of this study was to inves

Introduction and Objective: Elderly people face existential issues such as death, loss of meaning in life, fear of death, lack of life and last chances. If people, cannot effectively confront it, this loss of meaning in life, will form the main core of a set of syndromes that are called "demoralization". This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-existential therapy on reducing demoralization in the elderly. Method: The present study was carried out using a pretest-posttest semi-experimental design with control group and random assignment. The statistical population included all the elderly women in Yas Daily Rehabilitation Center. In this study, 22 people were selected through non-random sampling and after answering the demoralization scale (Kissane, 2004) and Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (Abdollahzade et al. 2010 quoted from Farmani-Shahreza et al. 2016) they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group included 11 people). The experimental group participated in 12 cognitive-emotional group therapy sessions (each session 90 minutes) once a week, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were processed using SPSS-20 software to calculate covariance analysis. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in the demoralization and cognitive distortions compared to the pretest. Also, in a two month follow-up session, demoralization andcognitive distortion scores were significantly reduced compared to pretest. Conclusion: Cognitive existential group therapy on the one hand, due to addressing the existential issues of the elderly, and, on the other hand, working with their irrational beliefs and replacing rational beliefs, can have an effect on reducing of the demoralization syndrome in the elderly.

In December 2019, the Chinese government alerted the world to a dangerous virus that spread rapidly in communities. In fact, another acute respiratory syndrome occurred in Wuhan, China, and then spread rapidly to other parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to this virus as nCoV-2019, where n stands for “new” and CoV stands for “coronavirus”. In general, the virus (COVID-19) is similar to acute respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), but they are by no means identical

Background: Much remains unknown regarding the nature of the memory profile of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). One of the questions is whether they first encounter an encoding/storage defect or retrieval memory profile difficulties. Objectives: The present study aimed to shed light on this by evaluating learning strategies and memory process deficits in individuals with aMCI and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: The Shiraz Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) was used to assess and compare verbal memory performance and learning strategies among three groups of individuals, including patients with aMCI, AD cases, and healthy individuals. The study groups were compared using most indices of the SVLT. Results: A pattern of memory impairment was found in the aMCI group, and the indicators included defects in immediate learning, a poor learning slope, rapid forgetting, and a poor function in delayed recall. This was similar to the representations of the individuals with AD. However, the aMCI group acted differently from the AD and healthy groups when it came to learning strategies. Specifically, they mostly used serial clustering. Furthermore, the results of serial position effects showed no significant difference between the three groups in terms of primary/recency effects. Conclusions: The findings of the present research suggested that individuals with aMCI, similar to patients with AD, initially develop defects in encoding and storage (to a lesser degree), followed by retrieval memory problems. Our results also supported that SVLT can be a reliable diagnostic tool to estimate aMCI progression or the prodromal stage of AD type dementia.