Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) has recently been recognised, and so far approximately 200 cases have been described worldwide. From a histopathological and molecular perspective, it does not differ from classical breast anaplastic large cell lymphoma without ALK kinase expression. However, it has a different clinical course and prognosis, with a five-year survival rate about 92% as compared to 20-50% in patients with the classic form. A 60-year-old female patient had undergone bilateral mastectomy at the age of 45 years due to fibrocystic mastopathy and frequent breast cancer in her family history. Her implants were changed twice due to rupture. In 2018 the patient noticed a growing swelling of the right breast and fluid accumulation in the implant pouch; in September 2018 both implants were removed together, with the pouch also thoroughly removed during the procedure, and other PolyTech implants were inserted. Histological examination revealed the following: breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, immunophenotype: CD30+, ALK-, CD68, PGM-, CKAE1/AE3-, Ki 67 in 90% of cell nuclei. The patient was in very good general condition and without abnormalities in haematological tests. In PET-CT with 18F-FDG (13/12/2018), areas of slightly increased 18F-FDG activity were found in the vicinity of the implants on the right side (SUV max = 1.9) and on the left side (SUV max = 2.3), in addition to left axillary lymph node 12 × 7 × 8 mm (SUV max = 2.0). The patient did not decide to go ahead with the proposed removal of the implants, and a suspicious node was taken for examination-no cancer architecture was found. A control PET-CT test was performed after four months, the result of which was comparable to the previous one. The patient is under observation.

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Introduction Prostate cancer is treated with increasingly sophisticated radiation techniques. The aim of the study is to compare acute toxicity in patients managed with different therapeutic modalities. Material and methods A total of 60 patients irradiated between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed: A. conformal 3D – 11, B. intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) 20, C. image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) – 19 and D. volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) – 10. Patients' age ranged from 46 to 85 years (median 70.5), prostate-specific antigen values at the time of diagnosis were in the range of 3.54–154 ng/ml (median 15.9). Acute toxicity from the genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) /Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grading system were assessed. Results All irradiation techniques were well tolerated and neither 3 nor 4 degrees acute toxicity was observed. Importantly, IGRT and IMRT did not lead to Grade 2 GI acute toxicity. There was no relationship between the severity of GU acute toxicity depending on the irradiation technique used (p = 0.8), but a trend towards a significant relationship was noted for GI acute toxicity (p = 0.05). Conclusions All assessed irradiation methods do not lead to severe acute adverse effects. Importantly, patients treated with IGRT and IMRT had only minor GI toxicity.

Introduction Urologists are commonly facing the dilemma of elevating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels despite a series of negative prostate biopsy results. Although fusion biopsies are being used increasingly, they are not available in many centers. We evaluated the prostate cancer detection rate using transperineal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) template-guided cognitive biopsy. Material and methods Twenty-two patients with a suspicious lesion on MRI were enrolled into this study and underwent a repeated biopsy. All procedures were done under anesthesia and with antibiotic prophylaxis. Brachytherapy template was applied in each case. Results The median age, PSA and prostate volume were 67 years, 9.2 ng/ml, and 65 ml, respectively. The average number of biopsy cores was 24. Nine patients (41%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The grade distribution was Gleason score 7 for 5 patients, and Gleason score 6 for 4 patients. No major complications occurred. Conclusions Transperineal MRI template-guided cognitive prostate biopsy appears to be a safe procedure, which helps to detect significant cancer. The biopsy-associated adverse events are negligible.