O presente trabalho pretende apresentar o conceito de bacia hidrográfica, apresentar também o modo como o país encontra-se organizado para essa forma de gestão e discutir os principais pontos da gestão de recursos hídricos que estão associados a esse recorte geográfico. Abordam-se pontos difíceis da gestão integrada e a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do sistema de decisão.
This paper presents the concept of watershed management and how water resources management in Brazil evolved to implement local institutions. There are several restrictions and difficulties related to this form of local management and they will be discussed here, especially those linked to the integration of this administrative division to other units such as municipalities, for example

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[1] As many countries are moving toward water sector reforms, practical issues of how water management institutions can better effect allocation, regulation, and enforcement of water rights have emerged. The problem of nonavailability of water to tailenders on an irrigation system in developing countries, due to unlicensed upstream diversions is well documented. The reliability of access or equivalently the uncertainty associated with water availability at their diversion point becomes a parameter that is likely to influence the application by users for water licenses, as well as their willingness to pay for licensed use. The ability of a water agency to reduce this uncertainty through effective water rights enforcement is related to the fiscal ability of the agency to monitor and enforce licensed use. In this paper, this interplay across the users and the agency is explored, considering the hydraulic structure or sequence of water use and parameters that define the users and the agency's economics. The potential for free rider behavior by the users, as well as their proposals for licensed use are derived conditional on this setting. The analyses presented are developed in the framework of the theory of ''Law and Economics,'' with user interactions modeled as a game theoretic enterprise. The state of Ceara, Brazil, is used loosely as an example setting, with parameter values for the experiments indexed to be approximately those relevant for current decisions. The potential for using the ideas in participatory decision making is discussed. This paper is an initial attempt to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing such situations but with a focus on the reservoir-canal system water rights enforcement.