Frecuencia de factores de riesgo coronarios en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital de ClínicasFrequency of coronary risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiology Service of the Hospital de Clínicas 1 1 1 RESUMEN Introducción: el infarto agudo de miocardio es una complicación grave de la enfermedad cardiovascular y se conocen varios factores de riesgo coronarios. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de factores de riesgo coronarios en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital de Clínicas. Material y método: diseño observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, que incluyó a pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio del Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital de Clínicas desde enero de 2015 a marzo de 2018. Se determinaron las variables demográficas, motivo de consulta, antecedentes familiares de cardiopatía isquémica y la presencia de factores de riesgo coronario. Resultados: se incluyeron 231 sujetos, la edad media fue 63±1 años, 138 (60%) fueron varones. El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue el dolor precordial (71%). La mayoría presentó infarto sin elevación del segmento ST (63,6%). Los factores de riesgo coronario más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial (89%), el sedentarismo (60%) y el consumo de tabaco (55,4%) sobre todo en los pacientes mayores de 65 años. Conclusión: los factores de riesgo coronario más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial, el sedentarismo y el tabaquismo, predominando en mayores de 60 años. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Acute myocardial infarction is a serious complication of cardiovascular disease and several coronary risk factors are known. Objective:To determine the frequency of coronary risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiology Service of the Hospital de Clínicas. Material and method: Observational, descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional design which included adult patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction from the Cardiology Service of the Hospital de Clínicas from January 2015 to March 2018. Demographic variables, reason of consultation, family history of ischemic heart disease and the presence of coronary risk factors were determined. Results: Two hundred thirty-one subjects were included, the mean age was 63±1 years, and 138 (60%) were male. The most frequent reason for consultation was precordial pain (71%). The majority presented infarction without elevation of the ST segment (63.6%). The most frequent coronary risk factors were arterial hypertension (89%), sedentary lifestyle (60%) and tobacco consumption (55.4%), especially in patients older than 65 years. Conclusion: The most frequent coronary risk factors were arterial hypertension, sedentary lifestyle and smoking, predominating in people over 60 years of age.
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