Reliability generalization (RG) is a meta‐analytic approach that aims to characterize how reliability estimates from the same test vary across different applications of the instrument. With this purpose RG meta‐analyses typically focus on a particular test and intend to obtain an overall reliability of test scores and to investigate how the composition and variability of the samples affect reliability. Although several guidelines have been proposed in the meta‐analytic literature to help authors improve the reporting quality of meta‐analyses, none of them were devised for RG meta‐analyses. The purpose of this investigation was to develop REGEMA (REliability GEneralization Meta‐Analysis), a 30‐item checklist (plus a flow chart) adapted to the specific issues that the reporting of an RG meta‐analysis must take into account. Based on previous checklists and guidelines proposed in the meta‐analytic arena, a first version was elaborated by applying the nominal group methodology. The resulting instrument was submitted to a list of independent meta‐analysis experts and, after discussion, the final version of the REGEMA checklist was reached. In a pilot study, four pairs of coders applied REGEMA to a random sample of 40 RG meta‐analyses in Psychology, and results showed satisfactory inter‐coder reliability. REGEMA can be used by: (a) meta‐analysts conducting or reporting an RG meta‐analysis and aiming to improve its reporting quality; (b) consumers of RG meta‐analyses who want to make informed critical appraisals of their reporting quality, and (c) reviewers and editors of journals who are considering submissions where an RG meta‐analysis was reported for potential publication.

Meta-analysis is a powerful and important tool to synthesize the literature about a research topic. Like other kinds of research, meta-analyses must be reproducible to be compliant with the principles of the scientific method. Furthermore, reproducible meta-analyses can be easily updated with new data and reanalysed applying new and more refined analysis techniques. We attempted to empirically assess the prevalence of transparency and reproducibility-related reporting practices in published meta-analyses from clinical psychology by examining a random sample of 100 meta-analyses. Our purpose was to identify the key points that could be improved, with the aim of providing some recommendations for carrying out reproducible meta-analyses. We conducted a meta-review of meta-analyses of psychological interventions published between 2000 and 2020. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Science databases. A structured coding form to assess transparency indicators was created based on previous studies and existing meta-analysis guidelines. We found major issues concerning: completely reproducible search procedures report, specification of the exact method to compute effect sizes, choice of weighting factors and estimators, lack of availability of the raw statistics used to compute the effect size and of interoperability of available data, and practically total absence of analysis script code sharing. Based on our findings, we conclude with recommendations intended to improve the transparency, openness, and reproducibility-related reporting practices of meta-analyses in clinical psychology and related areas.

Polycaprolactone (PCL)was used via double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique for the encapsulation of polyphenols olive leaves (OLs) extracts. In this study, the PCL‐microcapsules loaded with OLs polyphenols extract powder were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. Their total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) contents, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS), and polyphenols stability were measured after oral, gastric, and intestinal steps of in vitro digestion. PCL‐microcapsules were utilized in formulating novel functional yogurt containing 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg of TPC estimated as mg GAE (added as PCL‐microcapsules) per 100g yogurt. All yogurt samples were evaluated for their pH, acidity, syneresis, viscosity, and color during storage. In vitro digestion significantly affected the phenolic composition in non‐encapsulated extract whereas it had a lower impact on encapsulated phenolics. Higher protection was provided for encapsulated OLs extract and their higher release was observed at the intestinal phase. Unlike the undigested OLs extract, which had a TPC of 490 mg GAE/100 g, lower values of TPC (136 and 289 mg GAE/100 g) were obtained for non‐encapsulated and encapsulated OLs extract, respectively, in the intestinal fluids. Yogurt with PCL‐microcapsules had lower viscosity, syneresis, and color parameters, compared to control yogurt. Thus, OLs represent a valuable and cheap source of polyphenols that can be successfully applied in microencapsulated form, in formulating functional yogurt.

Recently, plant‐based milk substitutes, as an emerging industry, are receiving more attention. Despite that, these dairy alternatives have not been adequately studied for their functional properties. Thus, the current research was devoted to study the satiety potential through in vitro secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), and the antioxidant capacity of these dairy alternatives after in vitro digestion. The enteroendocrine cell line, STC‐1, was used to measure satiety hormones release (CCK and GLP‐1) by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity (using oxygen radical absorbance capacity [ORAC], ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP], and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid [ABTS] assays) were measured before and after in vitro digestion. The results demonstrated that CCK secretion was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for cow's milk (350.64 pg ml–1) as compared to plant‐based milk substitutes. Among the plant‐based milk substitutes, tiger nut milk showed the highest CCK stimulant (228.96 pg ml–1), followed by hazelnut milk (220.04 pg ml–1). Concerning GLP‐1 release, the data exhibited that spelt milk was the food with the highest induction of GLP‐1 hormone secretion, followed by cow's milk (910.17 and 876.59 pg ml–1, respectively), but without any significant differences between them. total phenolic content (TPC) values strongly increased after in vitro digestion, cow's milk and soymilk being the samples with the highest TPC values after in vitro digestion (165.76 and 153.71 mg GAE/100 ml, respectively). In line with TPC values, soymilk had the highest ORAC, ABTS, and FRAP values after in vitro digestion (25.41, 8.17, and 2.51 µmol TE/ml, respectively). Thus, these dairy alternatives could be an adequate substitute for cow's milk, according to its satiety and antioxidant capacity. Practical Application The first study deals with the efficacy of plant‐based milk substitutes as satiating foods. Spelt milk was the highest stimulant for GLP‐1 secretion. Tiger nut milk showed the highest CCK stimulant, followed by hazelnut milk. TPC and total antioxidant capacity increased after digestion.

Background/Objective Both theoretical proposals and empirical work point to a common concurrence between attitudes toward school violence and violent behavior. Studies often address this issue superficially or within intervention programs. Our objective is to describe the results of a systematic review and to conduct a meta-analysis exploring these associations. Method A systematic review was conducted in the main databases. Effect sizes were calculated and synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between attitudes toward violence and school violence. A meta-regression was performed for the moderator analysis of sex and age. Results The literature search strategy produced 12,293 articles. The review process produced a final result of 23 studies. Our results estimate a significant positive relationship ( r =.368 p < .001; 95% CI [.323, .412]) between attitudes toward violence and school violence in children and adolescents. Conclusions This study allows us to quantify with an adequate degree of specificity the attitude-behavior relationship in the school context. These results may facilitate future researchers to design programs that address this specificity in order to improve school climate. More research is needed using validated instruments to further specify the type of attitudes that have the greatest influence on the manifestation of school violence.