The incidence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is very high. It is necessary to search for effective therapies that could prevent pneumonia. Previous results should be interpreted cautiously as there is a lack of evidence to support the use of compensatory or rehabilitative approaches to dysphagia. We reviewed the scientific literature to describe the treatments of dysphagia in PD. A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and Medline according to PRISMA standards in 2018. The articles that did not mention dysphagia secondary to PD or used surgical treatment were excluded. Eleven articles met the criteria with information from 402 patients. The review relates to different protocols, such as training in expiratory muscle strength, postural techniques, oral motor exercises, video-assisted swallowing therapy, surface electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, touch, compensatory interventions, training regime for swallowing, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, Lee Silverman voice treatment, swallow maneuver, airway protection, and postural compensation maneuvers. This review identifies the rationing interventions in each trial, if they are efficient and equitable. Several rehabilitative therapies have been successful. An improvement was seen in the degenerative function (coordination, speed, and volume), quality of life, and social relationships of people with PD. Further investigations concerning the clinical applicability of these therapies based on well-designed randomized controlled studies are needed. Larger patient populations need to be recruited to evaluate the effectiveness, long-term effects, and new treatment techniques.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) refers to painful cramps before and/or during menstruation. There is a need for emphasis on alternative methods of conservative treatment, so as to reduce the dependence on drugs for alleviating the symptoms. The aim was to find out the effectiveness of some physiotherapy techniques in the treatment of PD. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA standards. The descriptors were “dysmenorrhea”, “physical the-rapy”, “physiotherapy”, and “manual therapy”. The search was performed in five databases: Scopus, PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, and Medline, in February 2021. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials over the last six years. Articles not related to the treatment of PD or using pharmacology as the main treatment were excluded. Nine articles met the objectives and criteria, with a total of 692 participants. The most used scale to measure pain was the VAS (visual analogue scale). The main techniques were isometric exercises, massage therapy, yoga, electrotherapy, connective tissue manipulation, stretching, kinesio tape, progressive relaxation exercises and aerobic dance. Meta-analysis shows benefits of physiotherapy treatment for pain relief compared with no intervention or placebo (MD: −1.13, 95% CI: −1.61 to −0.64, I2: 88%). The current low-quality evidence suggests that physiotherapy may provide a clinically significant reduction in menstrual pain intensity. Given the overall health benefits of physiotherapy and the low risk of side effects reported, women may consider using it, either alone or in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities.

Según el informe de la OMS del 2018, más del 80% de los adolescentes no practican suficiente actividad física. Las clases de Educación Física deberían de ayudar a solventar este problema. Para ello, en este estudio, se pretende analizar la influencia del docente sobre la confianza, diversión, la motivación y la intención de ser físicamente activo en la adolescencia. En el presente estudio participaron 604 estudiantes entre los 13 y 19 años. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, un análisis de fiabilidad y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explica las relaciones causales entre las variables. Los resultados muestran como el apoyo autonomía predice positivamente la confianza (β = .56, p<.001), la diversión (β = .29, p<.001) y la motivación (β = .10, p<.05); mientras que el control psicológico predice negativamente la confianza (β = -.17, p<.01), la diversión (β = -.12, p<.001) y la motivación (β = -.24, p<.001). La confianza predice positivamente la motivación (β = .37, p<.01), de la misma manera, la diversión predice la motivación (β = .74, p<.001), por último, la motivación predice de forma positiva la intención de ser físicamente activo (β = .62, p<.001). En definitiva, el estudio muestra la influencia y la importancia del profesor de EF y de los procesos motivacionales y emocionales presentes en los adolescentes durante las clases de EF sobre la adopción de unos hábitos de vida activos. Palabras clave: teoría de la autodeterminación, emociones, Educación Física, actividad física. According to the WHO report of 2018, more than 80% of adolescents do not practice enough physical activity. Physical education classes should help solve this problem. For this, in this study, we intend to analyze the influence of the teacher on confidence, enjoyment, motivation and the intention of being physically active in adolescence. In the present study, 604 students between the ages of 13 and 19 participated. Descriptive statistical analyzes, a reliability analysis and a structural equation model that explains the causal relationships between the variables were performed. The results show how autonomy support positively predicts confidence (β = .56, p <.001), enjoyment (β = .29, p <.001) and motivation (β = .10, p <.05) ; whereas psychological control predicts negatively confidence (β = -.17, p <.01), enjoyment (β = -.12, p <.001) and motivation (β = -.24, p <.001 ). Confidence positively predicts motivation (β = .37, p <.01), in the same way, enjoyment predicts motivation (β = .74, p <.001), finally the motivation positively predicts the intention to be physically active (β = .62, p <.001). In short, the study shows the influence and importance of the PE teacher and the motivational and emotional processes present in adolescents during PE classes on the adoption of active life habits. Key words: Self-determination theory, emotions, Physical Education, physical activity.

RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue validar y adaptar el Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS). En el estudio participaron 444 estudiantes de secundaria con una edad media de 15.3 años. El análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló unos índices de ajuste adecuados para la nueva versión de la escala, mostrándose la estructura factorial invariante respecto al sexo. Los factores que integran la escala obtuvieron una alta consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. El análisis de validez de criterio mostró que la intimidación y el control mediante recompensas predijeron significativamente la desmotivación, con un peso de regresión positivo. Este nuevo instrumento puede ayudar a analizar con validez y fiabilidad el estilo interpersonal de control del docente de educación física sobre los estudiantes.Palabras clave: estilo interpersonal control, educación física, propiedades psicométricas ANTECEDENTESUno de los objetivos principales de las clases de educación física (EF) es la consolidación de hábitos regulares de práctica de actividad física (AF), la ocupación activa del tiempo libre, ayudar a comprender los beneficios de la AF, y fomentar el desarrollo psíquico y social de los adolescentes. En este sentido, el profesor de EF puede tener una influencia significativa en la implicación de los estudiantes en las clases de EF, sin olvidarnos de las experiencias psicológicas que se derivan de su participación durante dichas clases (Chelladurai y Reimer, 1997).Desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (TAD; Ryan y Deci, 2002) se sugiere que el comporta-

This study aimed to evaluate the functional impact of a shared intervention model by the mobile physiotherapy and rehabilitation team (MPRT) and primary care case management nurses (PCCMNs) on chronic patients. This was a prospective, observational study involving 1086 patients (mean age, 80 years; 63.7% females) in the province of Almeria, which was conducted between 2004 and 2018. Most of the registered diseases included cerebrovascular and neurological diseases (56.7%), osteoarticular diseases (45.3%), diabetes mellitus (25.7%), cardiovascular diseases (25.5%), and chronic respiratory diseases. The study included a home care intervention by the MPRT and PCCMNs and included the following main outcome measures: age, sex, main caregiver, disabling process (ICD-9), type and number of inclusion categories for chronic disease, initial and final Barthel index (BI), treatment or intervention on the patient (techniques), objectives, and number of sessions. The main techniques used were kinesiotherapy (44.6%) and caregiver training (23%), along with technical aid. An equation predicting the patients’ final BI, according to the initial BI, was constructed using multiple linear regression modelling. A marked improvement in functional capacity was found after an average of 10 physiotherapy sessions. A lower patient age was correlated with a higher functional capacity, both initial and final BI, as well as a greater number of sessions.