Este artigo aborda a formação do professor com um olhar no seu saber e no processo de transposição didática do conteúdo de divisibilidade. Este estudo traz como resultado de pesquisa que a matemática científica trabalhada na disciplina de Teoria dos Números utiliza-se de conceitos diferentes da matemática escolar, ensinada no ensino fundamental. A análise no saber do professor de matemática e como ele influencia o processo de ensino e aprendizagem é feita à luz da teoria da Transposição Didática de Ives Chevallard. Observou-se a construção do conceito de divisibilidade em uma turma de 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental e na disciplina de Teoria dos Números em um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. Foram identificadas distorções no saber matemático, consequência do distanciamento entre a formação do inicial do professor e a matemática escolar. This article deals with the formation of the teacher with a look at his knowledge and the process of didactic transposition of the content of divisibility, showing that the scientific mathematics taught in the discipline of Numbers Theory has different concepts of school mathematics, taught in elementary school - final series . The analysis in the knowledge of the teacher of mathematics and how it influences the process of teaching and learning, is made in the light of the Theory of Didactic Transposition by the Frenchman Chevallard. It was observed the construction of the concept of divisibility in a class of 6th year of Elementary School and in the discipline of Number Theory in a course of Degree in Mathematics. Distortions have been identified in mathematical knowledge, as a consequence of the distance between teacher's initial formation and school mathematics.
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