Juvenile mandibular chronic osteomyelitis (JMCO) is a rare, idiopathic disease of chronic bone inflammation without suppuration, sinus tract formation, or sequestration. As the name suggests, this condition predominately affects children. The few cases of JMCO reported in the literature describe different treatments, and thus a standard therapy protocol has not yet been established. The aim of this paper is to report a clinical case in a 9-year-old girl that was misdiagnosed and unsuccessfully treated for 1 year. After experiencing persistent symptoms, a correct diagnosis was subsequently rendered based on the physical and radiographic examination as well as successful treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The patient received drug therapy followed by periods of remission over a 4 year follow-up period. Diagnosis and treatment of JMCO is a challenge given the rarity and nonspecific signs and symptoms of this condition. Treatment with NSAIDs and regular follow-up is a conservative option for these patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects in rats. hDPSCs from permanent teeth were isolated and engrafted in mandibular bone defects in rats for 7, 14, and 28 days; bone defects without cells formed the control group. Samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the regeneration area was measured by the Image J program. Before surgery procedures, the human dental pulp cells were characterized as dental pulp stem cells: fusiform morphology, plastic-adherent; expression of CD105, CD73, and CD90; lack of expression of CD45 and CD34, and differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. The results indicated that within 7 days the control group presented a pronounced bone formation when compared with the treated group (p < 0.05). After 14 days, the treated group showed an increase in bone formation, but with no statistical difference among the groups (p > 0.05). In the final evaluated period there was no difference between the control group and the treated group (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between 7 and 14 days (p < 0.05) and between 7 and 28 days (p < 0.05) in the treated group. In conclusion, there is no evidence that the use of hDPSCs in the conditions of this study could improve bone formation in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and intraoral ultrasound (US) to determine the depth of invasion (DOI) and/or tumor thickness (TT) in oral cavity cancers, with histopathological evaluation as the gold standard. Methods: Articles whose primary objective was to evaluate the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of MRI, CT, and US imaging to assess DOI and/or TT were searched in six major electronic databases, in addition to three grey literature databases. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated by using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent qualitative analysis: six studies on MRI, three on US, and one on CT. The accuracy values for MRI ranged from 67 to 83%, with sensitivity values above 80% and specificity above 75%. For US, mean values of sensitivity ranged from 91 to 93%. For CT, accuracy was 75%. Conclusions: For the application of US, CT, MRI, good accuracy was reported in DOI and/or TT, as evaluated in the preoperative period. US offered advantages for detection of small lesions.

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