Background: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, obligate intracellular organism. Incidence of Scrub typhus is increasing due to easy availability and decreased cost of diagnostic facility. This study was designed to study the clinical and laboratory profile of scrub typhus patient in department of paediatrics at National Medical College, Birgunj. Aims and Objectives: To study the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and complications of Scrub typhus in Pediatric age group. Methods and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in children below the age of 15 years, admitted in paediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital of Nepal from June 2019 to May 2020. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were collected and recorded in predesigned data sheet. Scrub typhus was diagnosed with IgM ELISA. Results: A total of 52 patients were diagnosed as scrub typhus. All patients presented with fever and commonly had other symptoms such as headache (65.3%), vomiting (63.5%), cough (59.6%), breathing difficulty (57.7%), abdominal pain (53.9%), seizures (21.2%) and rashes (9.6%). Important clinical signs noticed were lymphadenopathy (84.6%), edema (76.4%), hepatomegaly (56.8%), splenomegaly (36.5%) jaundice (30.7%). About 12% (n = 9) had necrotic eschar. 54% of the admitted patient confirmed using open defecation. Myocarditis (67.3%) was the commonest complication followed by Acute Kidney Injury (65.4%). Conclusions: Scrub typhus must be considered in differential of tropical fever in children, especially in those residing in rural area and having open defecation. In our study, Fever was the ubiquitous symptom and Myocarditis was the commonest complication.

Background: Urine analysis by dipstick is a useful tool to identify children with asymptomatic renal diseases.  Dipstick urinalysis screening was conducted in asymptomatic school children to detect prevalence of renal disease.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 862 children of age 6 to 15 years studying in different schools of Birgunj, Nepal between January 2019 to June 2019. First morning mid-stream urine samples were obtained from students and tested by dipstick method. Children with abnormal findings were re-tested after fifteen days.Results: Ninety-six (11.13%) children had urinary abnormalities at the first screening; 8 children had specific urinary abnormalities after second screening. 4 children had urinary tract infection, followed by glomerulonephritis, type 1 diabetes, hydronephrosis and nephrotic syndrome. Urinary abnormalities were more common in females than in males.Conclusions: Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities are detected by urine screening program at school age. Further work-up reveals the specific diagnosis and effective interventions help reduce the renal disease in future.

Introduction: Neonatal deaths account for the majority of deaths in the first year of life. Life-threatening apnoea or cardiovascular collapse needs cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Technological advancements, such as the administration of antepartum steroids, replacement of surfactants, nasal continuous positive airway pressure, and mechanical ventilation have led to improved neonatal survival, especially for premature neonates. The aim of this study was to find out the mean duration of mechanical ventilation among newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 November 2020 to 15 April 2021 in a tertiary care centre. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: F-NMC|504|076|077). The neonates of gestational age between 27-37 weeks of gestation admitted to the Neonatal care unit were included in the study. Neonates with birth weight <500 g and those babies having major, surgically uncorrectable lethal anomalies were excluded from the study. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 86 neonates, the mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 2.19±1.42 days. The mean weight of neonates was 2.63±0.81 kg. A total of 71 (82.56%) were male and 15 (17.44%) were female. Conclusions: The mean duration of mechanical ventilation among newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care centre was lower than in other studies conducted in similar settings.