Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, differentiation abnormalities, and resistance to apoptosis. There are several factors that can affect psoriasis and vitamin D is one of the recently arisen. The role of vitamin D is mediated by vitamin D receptors (VDR) in target cells. VDR is a nuclear hormone that is involved in the antiproliferation and pro‐differentiation pathways in keratinocytes. However, until now vitamin D/VDR signaling in psoriasis has not been fully understood. Methods A cross‐sectional study that involved 28 skin specimens from psoriasis patients to assess the immunohistochemistry expressions of VDR as well as their association with severity and duration of psoriasis. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's correlation coefficients, with P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In total, 28 specimens from psoriasis patients consisting of 60.7% women and 39.3% men, with mean age 41.28 ± 14.97 years, predominantly age group 46–55 years (25%), mean duration of disease 6.64 ± 4.26 years, and mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score 19.23 ± 11.30. The immunohistochemistry expressions of VDR were predominantly strong (57.1%) and located in the basal layer (53.6%). There were a significant negative correlation between the expressions of VDR and PASI score (P <0.001, r = −0.719) and between the expressions of VDR and duration of disease in psoriasis (P = 0.020, r = −0.438). Conclusion VDR expressions and severity of psoriasis showed a strong significant negative correlation and also a moderate significant negative correlation between VDR expressions and duration of disease.

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Maadhava Ellaurie, MOOur purpose was to characterize the spectrum of hepatobiliary abnormalities on sonography in children with vertically transmitted HIV infection. Abdominal sonograms were performed on 41 children with HIV infection and correlated with clinical and histopathologic data. HepatobiIiary abnormalities were noted in 26 (63%) chilqren. Hepatomegaly (n = 13) and abnormal hepatic echotexture (11 ~ 13) were the most common abnormalities noted. Preexisting AIDS-related infections or neoplasms were noted significantly more frequently in children with hepatic or biliary abnormalities on sonography (18/26, 69%)

Ketuban pecah dini merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya asfiksia neonatorum dan infeksi yang dapat meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbiditas perinatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara lama ketuban pecah dini dengan nilai Apgar pada kehamilan aterm yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Sejati Medan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan metode pengambilan sampel accidental sampling. Dari sampel yang memenuhi kriteria restriksi didapat 68 ibu dengan kasus KPD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil lama KPD < 12 jam dengan Apgar baik adalah sebesar 22 kasus (73,3%) dan dengan Apgar buruk sebanyak 8 kasus (26,7%) sedangkan KPD ≥ 12 jam dengan Apgar baik sebesar 10 kasus (26,3%) dan nilai Apgar buruk sebesar 28 kasus (73,7%). Dari uji statistik dengan tes Chi Square didapatkan nilai X2 = 14,876 dan probabilitasnya (ρ) = 0,001. Dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara lama ketuban pecah dini dengan nilai Apgar.

<p>Periorbital merupakan salah satu area pertama yang menunjukkan tanda-tanda penuaan, meliputi kerutan, perubahan tekstur, kekeringan, perubahan volume dan pigmentasi yang tidak merata dan tidak teratur. Hiperpigmentasi periorbital adalah lingkaran hitam bilateral atau coklat homogen setengah lingkaran atau gelap makula berpigmen coklat di regio periokular. Kantung kelopak mata disebabkan oleh melemahnya otot orbicularis oculi. Secara klinis, pola penurunan volume periorbital dapat dikategorikan menjadi kelas I sampai III. Kerutan periorbital disebabkan faktor intrinsik (seperti penuaan, genetik, dan status hormonal) dan faktor ekstrinsik (seperti paparan radiasi ultraviolet dan merokok). Berdasarkan kedalaman kerutan, Glogau mengusulkan klasifikasi tipe I (tidak ada kerutan), tipe II (kerutan saat bergerak), tipe III (kerutan saat istirahat), dan tipe IV (kerutan dalam)</p><p>Periorbital is one of the first areas that shows the signs of aging, including wrinkles, changes in texture, dryness, changes in volume and uneven and irregular pigmentation. Periorbital hyperpigmentation is bilateral or brown homogeneous semicircular or dark brown pigmented macules in the periocular region. Eyelid sacs are caused by weakening of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Clinically, patterns of periorbital volume decrease can be categorized into 3 classes. Periorbital wrinkles are caused by intrinsic factors (such as aging, genetic, and hormonal status) and by extrinsic factors (such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation and smoking). Glogau proposed a classification consisting of type I (no wrinkles), type II (wrinkles when moving), type III (wrinkles at rest), and type IV (deep wrinkles).</p>