Chlorophyll is known to be used as a natural dye. The last few years it is known that chlorophyll has an important role as a source of antioxidants that are good for health. The availability of sources of chlorophyll in Indonesia is very large, one of which is the green grass jelly leaves (Premna obliongifolia Merr). The research objective is to get grass jelly leaf extract as a source of chlorophyll and know the characteristics of the resulting extract chlorophyll. The process of extraction is done by maceration with ethanol and addition of 7% NaHCO3. The yield of the concentrated extract obtained was 35%-36%. Concentrated extract of leaves of grass jelly contains the highest levels of total chlorophyll 1184.475 mg / L. The antioxidant activity of IC 50 (ppm) is 6533.9. Likewise, the results of toxicity tests is known that chlorophyll extract treatment response inactive with LC50> 1000 mg / mL is 1170.5 to 1504.8 mg / mL.

Background: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters have been proven to be significantly advantageous and clinically efficacious in the prevention of deathly venous thromboembolism, but also carry long-term risks, such as device failure, filter fracture, migration, penetration into adjacent structures, etc. Retrievable filters offer the same degree of protection, and subsequently lower those risk by removing them after they aren’t needed. Unfortunately, increasing use of retrievable filters leads to one alarming trend: there’s massive number of filters that are left for an extended time. Whether the time between deployment and retrieval affects filter’s technical success of retrieval remains questionable. Here is a case of a 45-year old woman who had undergone retrievable IVC filter due to pulmonary embolism risk. The patient only came to clinician for routine follow- up once, one month after deployment. One year later, the patient felt abdominal pain and asked to remove the filter. After one failed attempt, the clinician decided to leave the filter in situ as permanent filter. Method: Literature searching was conducted in several databases (ScienceDirect, EbscoHost, and ClinicalKey) using specified keywords. Six articles that had been passed exclusion and inclusion criteria, were eventually appraised and extracted. Results: Of all six articles that are included in this study, there are no standard time of retrieval. Each study provides data regarding their attempted retrieval, successful retrieval, and dwell time. Only two articles (Uberoi et al and Glocker et al) analyze the relationship between time of retrieval and successful retrieval. Uberoi et al claims filter retrieval statistically more successful if the dwell time is less than 9 weeks, whereas Glocker et al states the procedure is considerably more successful within 3-4 months (117 days) after deployment. The reasons of retrieval failure in these studies are varied, including device angulation, filter incorporation with IVC wall, and penetration to IVC wall and adjacent structures, or significant thrombus inside the filter. Conclusion: There are no standard time of retrieval, but clinicians could follow FDA recommendation by removing the filter when it isn’t necessarily needed. However, a time span of 3-4 months between implantation and retrieval can be respectable choice to make sure the maximum chance at retrieval success.

Introduction.Obesity is an independent risk factor and prognostic factor of primary breast cancer. Abundant adipose tissue would lead to an increment of blood estrogen level; thus, promoting the proliferation of cancer cells, especially those with positive estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). No study reported the association between obesity and hormone receptor characteristics of primary breast cancer in Indonesia. Method. We collected cases of primary breast cancer, which is diagnosed and undergone immunohistochemistry examination at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in 2017. The subjects divided into obese groups and non-obese groups. The ER and PR characteristics of both groups were compared Results. We collected 202 cases of primary breast cancer, with 89 cases (44%) in the obese group and 113 cases (56%) in the non-obese group. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the subjects was 24.45±4.3. Both groups were similar in terms of age, menopausal status, stage, histopathological morphology and grade. No significant association was found between obesity and ER or PR. We analyzed the correlation between BMI and the percentage of expressed hormone receptors, but no correlation found. This finding did not conform to other Western studies. The difference in the characteristics of the subjects and other hormonal factors might contribute to the outcome. Conclusion. There is no association between obesity and hormone receptor characteristics of primary breast cancer at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in 2017.