The quality of oil well cement is very important in maximizing the rate of production from an oil well. Good bonding between cement and casing also between cement and rock formation are essential for effective zone isolation, hence usually the additive should be added in order to improve the characteristics of standard cement. The purposes of this research are to find the effect of adding expanding material, burnt pure-MgO, on the value of compressive strength and shear bond strength of API class G in high pressure and high temperature condition. The method that has been used in this research is evaluating data from simulator, which was set up similar to field condition, 100 - 200°C and 2000 psi. According to the research, some conclusion can be drawn: adding expanding additives, in fact, will increase shear bond strength but will reduce compressive strength although generally still higher than recommended minimum value. The Appearance of mud cake will decrease shear bond strength. For compositions without expanding additives, shear bond strength was dropped drastically. MgO shows excellent performance, as expanding additive, in increasing the shear bond strength. For low conditioning temperature, 100 - 135°C, MgO that are burnt at 1000°C are reliable, whereas for higher conditioning temperature up to 200°C, the pure MgO which are burnt at 1200°C, are more convenient. The concentration of expanding additives, which could be used to increase the shearbond strength of cements, are around 5%. Introduction In cementing an oil well, the cement slurry is pumped through the casing and then back up through the annular space between the bore hole wall and the casing. Generally, the purpose of cementing job is to14,19,20:Support the casing.Protect casing against underground environment effect, i.e. high pressure and temperature, and formation fluids.Shut off lost circulation zone and over pressure zone.Isolate space beyond casing to avoid interlines communication, especially at producing zone.Prevent gas or high-pressure formation fluids movement into annulus casing-wellbore that caused trouble at the surface, such as fire.Reduce gas oil ratio, water oil ratio, and water gas ratio.Minimize casing wear.Close an abandoned portion of the well.Squeeze perforated zone, etc. The main ingredients in almost all drilling cements is Portland Cement and some cement additives to provide performance that are needed and also water as a mixing fluid. Portland cement made of limestone, that is consists of carbonate, marl and oysters shell. Beside of them, it is made of argillaceous materials such as clay, shale and iron ore. Also some chemical additives are used to provide acceptable cement characteristics. For several years the construction industry has fought the problem of drying shrinkage in concrete. Standard concrete presents a reduction in volume as they dry after setting. This volume reduction can produce due to the development of tensile strengths. Expansive cement is manufactured to compensate for this drying shrinkage by expanding during this critical period. The oil industry has recognized the benefits of expanding cement that could generate a better bond between casing-cement and cement-formation. These expansive cements undergo expansions that, as previously reported, are substantially larger than the expansions presented by conventional oil well cements at shallow depths.

Characteristic difference between Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) well and conventional directional well often cause problem in drilling an ERD well. Drag, torque, and hook load force that occur in an ERD well is higher than conventional well, because of long Horizontal Displacement and near 90o lateral inclination angle which are characteristics of an ERD well. Three critical parameters are affected by that characters, those parameters are: drill string design, casing design, and hydraulic design. Drill string design optimization in ERD well is analyzed based on four basic parameters, those are: neutral point, torque force, hook load force, and axial force. Casing design optimization is analyzed from hook load force that occurs when picking up and slacking off. For casing design, there are three alternative methods: conventional method, casing floatation or negative weight method, and partial floatation method. Hydraulic design optimization is analyzed base on cutting concentration, mud weight, and drill string rotary speed. Rig specification in drilling an ERD well is based on minimum requirement for rig hookload, rig drawwork, and pump power. Software with 3D trajectory visualization feature has been developed to calculate tubular and hydraulic design sensitivity regarding to friction force and pipe composition. In a study case, ERD method will be applied for deep water drilling process to extent the cluster system range. By using the developed software, calculation result gives information about ERD design optimization for similar case.

Operational problem that related to tripping in/out pipe or running casing into the well bore become more severe and complicated, as drilled hole get deeper and smaller4). When the pipes or casing are run into the well bore with high velocities, it will produce high surge pressure (increasing hydrostatic mud pressure) in the well. If the maximum fracture gradient limits were exceeded, the formation would be fractured and would end up with lost circulation. At the same time, when pulling out pipe from the drilled hole with high velocities, it produced high swab pressure (decreasing hydrostatic mud pressure) in the hole which lead to kick. If the minimum pore pressure limits were exceeded, there would be a flow of formation fluid into the well bore. Based on this condition, we need the optimum safe trip velocities by predicting the surge pressure in the hole to prevent the possibility of kick or lost circulation without forgetting the operating time saving factor. The paper developed some of new simple formulas for determining surge pressure as a function of pipe velocities parameter, mud properties, pipes and hole sizes diameter. The analysis and variation process using a range of data that commonly used in the field. Using a computer, combination of mud properties, pipe and hole sizes had been done to evaluate the approximate equations for the conditions most often encounter in field operation. The result are some new simple formulas of surge pressure which are a function of moving pipe velocities that are corrected by plastic viscosity parameter, yield point, mud density, pipes and hole size diameter for many common condition in the field. Compared with Moore formula which not involving pipe velocities parameter, plastic viscosity and mud density would lead to inaccuracy of predicting the surge pressure. With Burkhardt formula that used a graphic in calculation, it was not efficient for field used and it could cause a human error when plotting the graphic. Theoretically for pipe velocities ranging from 20 - 600 ft/min, it was found that these formulas have a good accuracy and the most important think is the simplicity for field operation. Although there are some formulas that had been published, which use an iterating process in predicting the surge pressure for better accuracy, it is not efficient enough for engineers in the field because of its complexity. Based on these formulas, the possibility of kick and lost circulation in tripping process or running a casing could be prevented by predicting the optimum safe trip velocities and also saving in time and operational cost. Introduction The magnitudes of surge and swab pressures are important to the operator for the following reasons3):More than 25 per cent of the blowouts result from pressure reductions in the borehole due directly to swabbing when pulling pipe.Excessive surge pressures have initiated lost circulation problems both during the drilling operation and during the running of casing into the hole.Pressure changes caused by alternating between surge and swab pressures due to pipe movements, such as those made on connections cause hole sloughing and generally promote other unstable hole conditions such as solid bridges and solids fill on bottom.Swab pressure reduction may result in contamination of the mud by entry the formation fluids. This may result in expensive mud treating costs and cause other hole-problems. Swab and surge pressures while tripping out or into a hole cannot be eliminated but can be reduced to safe values4). The most critical conditions exist when the mud hydrostatic pressure is very close to either the formation pore and fracture pressure. If abnormal formation pore pressures are encountered which approach the formation fracture pressures, the problem becomes even more critical.

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry held in Houston, Texas, 16-19 February 1999.

It can't be denied that oil and gas industry is very interesting business with very high risk, especially drilling both exploration and exploitation well drilling. Blowout occurred at middle of 2006 that is now still cannot be handled. It's known as MudEruption from X-1 well. This made a longer historical of blowout well accident in Indonesia.Basic difference about this eruption is the blowout fluids made from hot-brine-water mixed with shale and appear in surface as hot mud. Problem to handling mud at surface and poor condition of X-1 well had causing the operation to control the blowout directly going to relief well. Relief well technology is drill new well to shut uncontrolled blowout well, which is cannot be handled just by ordinary killing and pressure control operation.Killing blowout well through relief well, called Dynamic Killing, is to inject fluid from relief well to the blowout well, commonly water or high dense fluid, in order to make pressure at blowout well exceed formation pressure, so fluid flow will be stopped.Blowout case in X-1 classified as underground blowout with mud as erupted fluid, then killing operation done with higher density mud. This paper will discuss about optimization and design killing operation parameters such as kill mud density, kill rate, point of injection also pipe sizing by considering pressure losses, pump capacity and killing time.