In criminal law, a person charged with a criminal offense may be punished if it meets two matters, namely his act is unlawful

The values of local knowledge in maintaining and conserving environmental functions, as well as their standards in laws and regulations, will be investigated in this study. Local wisdom, as we understand it, encompasses positive and institutionalized ideals in society and is utilized as a standard in attitude and action. However, it appears that many environmental policies and laws have not made the values of local knowledge the foundation for developing, Jakarta, Indonesia legal restrictions. As a result, the issue presented in this study is how to include local knowledge values into environmental protection and management standards. The study approach employed to analyse this topic is normative juridical using secondary data. Secondary data was gathered using library research data gathering methodologies and qualitative legal analysis. According to the findings of the study, local knowledge encompassing local values, wisdom, wisdom, ethics, and morality in safeguarding and sustaining environmental functions should be the foundation for developing laws and regulations concerning natural resources and the environment. This is because local wisdom reflects the legal attitudes of the community. Integrating local wisdom values into national law will result in national laws with Indonesian features, in which the values that underpin the law's validity match the peculiarities of the Indonesian legal culture.

Forest destructions has been escalating worldwide, including in Indonesia. Therefore, the Government issued Law Number 18 / 2013 on the Prevention and Eradiction of Deforestation (P3H) which was expected to guarantee legal certainty with emphasis on eradication of organized forest destruction. The problem to be discussed in this paper is about law enforcement and application of Law Number 18 / 2013 which frequently used to criminalize the indigenous people in Indonesia. The indigenous people have been criminalized on the ground of unlawful forest products utilization, while they merely foraging to fulfill their basic necessities. The criminalization of indigenous people is a conclusive evidence, which proof that Indonesian Goverment has been neglecting the indigenous people’s right. This paper use normative approach. The conclusion of this paper analyze that the problem of the criminalization happens in implementation level, which caused by the ignorance of law enforcement apparatus and vested interest.

In the midst of the current pandemic situation, forcing the government to take steps to issue policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which if it occurs in prisons becomes a new problem. One of the policies taken was to free prisoners through the process of assimilation and integration mechanisms. This study was conducted by the author by conducting normative legal research which was carried out based on stipulated statutory regulations and processed into a literature study result. This approach is based on analysis based on logic and existing laws and regulations and draws conclusions that are set out in the form of statements and writing. The results of this analysis give rise to several themes that will be discussed here, namely, the relationship between government policies to expel prisoners through assimilation and integration with overcapacity in prisons, and the impact of the issuance of these policies on society.

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