The kinetics and mechanism of the chromic acid oxidation of D-galactose in the presence and absence of picolinic acid (PA) in aqueous acid media have been determined under the conditions, ½D À galactose T 4½Cr VI T at different temperatures. Under the kinetic conditions, HCrO 4 À has been found kinetically active in the absence of PA while in the PA catalysed path, a Cr VI -PA complex has been established as the active oxidant. In the PA-catalysed path, the Cr VI -PA complex receives a nucleophilic attack by the substrate to form a ternary complex which subsequently undergoes a redox decomposition through a two-electron transfer leading to a lactone (oxidised product) and a Cr IV -PA complex. Then the Cr IV -PA complex participates further in the oxidation of D-galactose and ultimately is converted into a Cr III -PA complex. In the uncatalysed path, a Cr VI -substrate ester experiences an acid catalysed redox decomposition (2e-transfer) at the ratedetermining step. The uncatalysed path shows a second-order dependence on [H þ ]. Under the experimental conditions, both paths show first-order dependences on [D-galactose] T and [Cr VI ] T . The PA-catalysed path is first-order in [PA] T . These observations remain unaltered in the presence of externally added surfactants. The effect of surfactants like N-cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC, a cationic surfactant) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, an anionic surfactant), on both the uncatalysed and PA-catalysed paths have been studied. CPC retards both the uncatalysed and PA-catalysed path, while SDS accelerates the reactions. The observed micellar effects have been explained by considering the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the reactants and surfactants.
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