-(Tree heterogeneity and diversity in cabrucas in central South of Bahia State, Brazil). The contribution of managed ecosystems for biodiversity conservation has been highlighted by recent studies. Tree species diversity was investigated in Cabruca (a traditional agroforest with cocoa and native trees) of ten cocoa farms in central-Southern Bahia state to quantify the remnant tree diversity and to verify if it is influenced by the size of the farm and the size of the Cabruca. A total of 273 trees, 55 trees species and 20 plant families were recorded. From these, 89% of plant species and 73% of trees were native species. In average, 23 to 60 tree species and 40 to 236 individuals per hectare were registered. The Shannon-Wiener (H') index varied from 1.3 to 2.5. The mixture coefficient of Jentsch (QM) obtained was two individuals per species. A high heterogeneity was observed among the Cabrucas studied. Tree diversity was not correlated, however, with the total area of the farms or the area of Cabruca on the farms. Our results indicate that Cabruca are variable in tree density and diversity. Additionally, management performed by cocoa farm owners is the main factor that influences the tree community attributes in this agroforestry. Keywords: Agroforestry systems, Atlantic forest, cocoa tree, managed ecosystem, native species RESUMO -(Heterogeneidade na estrutura e diversidade de árvores de cabrucas no centro-sul do Estado da Bahia, Brasil). O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a diversidade arbórea de cabrucas de fazendas produtoras de cacau no centro-sul da Bahia e verificar se fatores como as áreas das propriedades e das cabrucas influenciam as comunidades arbóreas remanescentes. Foram encontrados 273 indivíduos, pertencentes a 55 espécies e 20 famílias, sendo que 89% das espécies e 73% dos indivíduos são nativos da região. Em média, por hectare, foram registrados 23 a 60 espécies arbóreas e 40 a 236 indivíduos. O índice de Shannon-Wiener (H') variou de 1,3 a 2,5 e o quociente de mistura de Jenstch resultou em uma proporção de dois indivíduos para cada espécie. As cabrucas estudadas apresentaram alta heterogeneidade. Contudo, a diversidade arbórea não foi correlacionada com a área total e nem com a área de cabruca nas propriedades. Nossos resultados indicam que as cabrucas são muito variáveis em densidade e diversidade e que o sistema de manejo realizado pelos proprietários das fazendas parece ser o fator que mais influencia os atributos da comunidade arbórea nestas agroflorestas.
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