In the present study, we investigated the effects of increasing salinity on growth, gas exchange, abscisic acid (ABA), calmodulin (CaM), and the relevance to salt tolerance in seedlings of Populus euphratica Oliv. and cuttings of P. "pupularis 35-44" (P. popularis) and P. × euramericana cv. I-214 (P. cv. Italica). The relative growth rates of shoot height (RGR H ) for P. cv. Italica and P. popularis were severely reduced by increasing salt stress, whereas the growth reduction was relatively less in P. euphratica. Similarly, P. euphratica maintained higher net photosynthetic rates (P n ) and unit transpiration rates (TRN) than P. cv. Italica and P. popularis under conditions of higher salinity. Salinity caused a significant increase in leaf ABA and CaM in the three genotypes after the onset of stress, but NaCl-induced ABA and CaM accumulation was more pronounced in P. euphratica, suggesting that P. euphratica plants are more sensitive in sensing soil salinity than the other two poplars. Furthermore, P. euphratica maintained relatively higher ABA and CaM concentrations under conditions of high salinity. The higher capacity to synthesize stress signals, namely ABA and CaM, in P. euphratica and the contribution of this to the salt resistance of P. euphratica are discussed. (2006). Growth, gas exchange, abscisic acid, and calmodulin response to salt stress in three poplars. J Integrat Plant Biol 48(3), 286−293.

The ability of a plant to maintain an ionic homeostasis is crucial in plant salt tolerance. Direct evidence based on data from the non-invasive measurement of ion fluxes would not only offer new insight about the function of the transporter but also provide a whole plant approach for dissecting salt adaptation mechanisms. Here, we review some reports using the ion-selective microelectrodes to characterize the net ion fluxes of tissues or cells.

The effect of NaCl on growth, biomass and ion relations of two salt-tolerant isolates of Paxillus involutus, MAJ and NAU were investigated. The two Paxillus strains were exposed to the following concentrations of NaCl: 0, 100, 200 and 500 mmol·L -1 . Growth of MAJ and NAU was enhanced by 100 mmol·L -1 NaCl but severely inhibited at the concentration of 500 mmol·L -1 . NAU exhibited a greater capacity to exclude Na + and Cl -under all salinity levels, whereas the salt-includer MAJ had a higher capacity in nutrient uptake under salt stress. The ratios Na + /K + , Na + /Ca 2+ and Na + /Mg 2+ in NaCl-treated MAJ and NAU did not increase at levels of 100 and 200 mmol·L -1 NaCl but markedly increased at 500 mmol·L -1 . This suggests that the two strains, especially MAJ, enhanced nutrient uptake corresponding to the increased Na + influx at moderate salinity. We conclude that both MAJ and NAU are able to tolerate 500 mmol·L -1 NaCl but there are species-specific differences in retaining ionic homeostasis in the two Paxillus strains. NAU is a salt-excluder, MAJ is a salt-includer but retains a high capacity in nutrient selectivity under saline conditions. Their definite mechanisms to enhance salt tolerance of mycorrhizal hosts need further study.

Along with the discovery and refinement of serrated pathways, the World Health Organization amended the classification of digestive system tumors in 2019, recommending the renaming of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps to sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). Given the particularity of the endoscopic appearance of SSLs, it could easily be overlooked and missed in colonoscopy screening, which is crucial for the occurrence of interval colorectal cancer. Existing literature has found that adequate bowel preparation, reasonable withdrawal time, and awareness of colorectal SSLs have improved the quality and accuracy of detection. More particularly, with the continuous advancement and development of endoscopy technology, equipment, and accessories, a potent auxiliary tool is provided for accurate observation and immediate diagnosis of SSLs. High-definition white light endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and magnifying endoscopy have distinct roles in the detection of colorectal SSLs and are valuable in identifying the size, shape, character, risk degree, and potential malignant tendency. This article delves into the relevant factors influencing the detection rate of colorectal SSLs, reviews its characteristics under various endoscopic techniques, and expects to attract the attention of colonoscopists.

No abstract