High-performing coatings that durably and fully repel liquids are of interest for fundamental research and practical applications. Such coatings should allow for droplet beading, roll off and bouncing, which is difficult to achieve for ultralow surface tension liquids. Here, we report a bottom-up approach for preparing superrepellent coatings using a mixture of fluoro-silanes and cyanoacrylate. Upon application onto surfaces, the coatings assemble into thin films of locally multi-reentrant hierarchical structures with very low surface energy. The resulting material is superrepellent to solvents, acids and bases, polymer solutions and ultralow surface tension liquids, characterized by ultrahigh surface contact angles (>150°) and negligible roll-off angles (~0°). Furthermore, the coatings are transparent, durable and demonstrate universal liquid bouncing, tailored responsiveness and anti-freezing properties, being thus a promising alternative to existing artificial superrepellent coatings.3 Repellent coatings are of broad interest for investigating fundamental interfacial phenomena 1-4 , as well as for practical applications in areas such as self-cleaning 5-7 , chemical shielding 8 , heat transfer 3 , wet adhesives 9 , drag-reduction 10 , anti-fouling 11 , separations and membranes 12,13 , fogharvesting 14 , self-assembly 15 , and icephobicity and anti-freezing 2,16,17 . Combining sophisticated microstructures possessing reentrant 18 or double-reentrant textures 19 with low surface energy chemical modifications 20-22 result in state-of-the-art techniques for the preparation of repellent surfaces (i.e. surfaces with apparent contact angles θ * > 150°, which are considered superhydrophobic or superoleophobic for water and oil, respectively). However, engineering high-performing surfaces that are superrepellent (i.e. droplet roll-off angles ~0°) even to liquids with ultralow surface tensions (i.e. <20 mN m -1 ; e.g., n-hexane and n-pentane) remains challenging because of their low solid-liquid interfacial energy (see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 for detailed discussion). To date, this has only been possible using a "top-down", multi-step etching-based approach 19 , which can have limited applicability and versatility due to a lack of robustness, e.g., break-in of liquid. StrategyThe overall performance of a coating is governed by a range of properties 23 -including surface morphology, binding forces, surface chemistry, and other physical and mechanical characteristics-whereas surface repellence to liquids is primarily dependent on the surface texture and chemistry 20,24 . As these factors are interrelated, the design of simple and versatile superrepellent coatings is difficult. For example, increasing surface roughness may be used to minimize the liquid-solid contact area, which favours ultrahigh contact angles and ultralow rolloff angles. However, increased surface roughness can also compromise the transparency and durability of a coating 20,25 . Additionally, the responsiveness of a coating may enable surfaces

Functional materials composed of proteins have attracted much interest owing to the inherent and diverse functionality of proteins. However, establishing general techniques for assembling proteins into nanomaterials is challenging owing to the complex physicochemical nature and potential denaturation of proteins. Here, a simple, versatile strategy is introduced to fabricate functional protein assemblies through the interfacial assembly of proteins and polyphenols (e.g., tannic acid) on various substrates (organic, inorganic, and biological). The dominant interactions (hydrogen‐bonding, hydrophobic, and ionic) between the proteins and tannic acid were elucidated; most proteins undergo multiple noncovalent stabilizing interactions with polyphenols, which can be used to engineer responsiveness into the assemblies. The proteins retain their structure and function within the assemblies, thereby enabling their use in various applications (e.g., catalysis, fluorescence imaging, and cell targeting).

Dynamically tuning the surface wettability has long been a scientific challenge, but of great importance in surface science. Robust superhydrophobic surfaces, displaying switchable and tunable extreme wetting behaviors, are successfully developed by spraying photoresponsive hydrophobic nanoparticles onto various substrates. The surface wettability can be intelligently adjusted by applying irradiation with UV or visible light, which is assumed to initiate large conformation changes of azobenzene units at the coating surface, resulting in distinct surface energy change and thus controlled wetting behaviors. The underlying wetting mechanism about the resulting surfaces is systematically investigated and supported by the estimation of water contact angles using newly rewritten Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel relations and also by the evaluation of solid surface free energy adopting the Owens-Wendt approach. The methodology proposed may provide a novel way of tuning surface wettability and investigating the wetting transition mechanism and also promote applications in self-cleaning and smart fluid control.