Background The current study investigated the relationship between behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) knowledge and positive aspects of caregiving (PAC), in addition, how caregiving attitude and self-efficacy mediate or moderate this relationship. Methods Two hundred twenty-nine formal caregivers (51males and 178females) who has worked in nursing homes for more than a month were recruited.With a cross-sectional, face-to-face survey, structural questionnaires were implemented to evaluate formal caregiver’s BPSD knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and PAC.A 13-item self-developed questionnaire was used to assess caregiver’s BPSD knowledge about disease characteristics, care and risks, and treatment needs. Dementia attitude, self-efficacy and positive aspects of caregiving were measured by dementia attitude scale, the General self-efficacy scale, and Chinese version of positive aspects of caregiving respectively. Model 5 in the PROCESS micro was employed in order to verify the mediating effect of attitude and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between BPSD knowledge and PAC. Results The results showed that greater BPSD knowledge was associated with increased PAC, and this relationship was fully mediated by increased friendly attitude toward people with dementia. Moreover, direct effect was moderated by self-efficacy, and that only among those with high self-efficacy, the direct effect of BPSD knowledge was found on promoting PAC. Conclusions By elucidating the knowledge-attitude-practice pathway in handling patient’s BPSD, the current study extends existing literature and provides insights for developing psychoeducation programs among formal caregivers.

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Compared with incremental innovation, breakthrough innovation is essential to sustaining competitive advantage, but breakthrough innovation has the characteristics of high standards and strict requirements. As the main body and foundation of enterprises, the attitude and behavior of employees play a vital role in enterprise innovation. Based on the positive organizational behavior theory and knowledge management theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between psychological capital and breakthrough innovation, and we also integrate tacit knowledge sharing and task interdependence into the research framework, so as to further explore the influence mechanism of employees’ psychological capital on breakthrough innovation. Utilizing a quantitative method, this study takes employees of Yunnan coffee enterprises as investigation objects, the data was analyzed using regression analysis through SPSS 24.0, and the existence of mediation was further verified by Bootstrap test. The results showed that the psychological capital of employees have a positive impact on breakthrough innovation; tacit knowledge sharing partially mediates the relationship between psychological capital and breakthrough innovation; and task interdependence plays a moderating role, that is, the stronger the task interdependence, the stronger the influence of employee psychological capital on breakthrough innovation. This study enriches the research on the influencing factors of breakthrough innovation of Yunnan coffee industry, expands the application scenarios of the related theory, emphasizes that the importance of psychological capital and the breakthrough innovation is the result of the interaction and value-added linkage of various internal and external resources.