The bending deformation of 2024 aluminium alloy plate peened with rectangular laser beam of uniform intensity has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Based on the biharmonic equation and pure bending model, the residual stress and radius of curvature are derived from the laser intensity and the depth from the laser peened surface. Aluminium alloy plate was formed by the uniform rectangular laser spot shaped from Nd: glass pulse laser. The residual stress distribution of peened aluminium alloy plate was measured by X-ray diffraction, and the experimental radius of curvature was 2147.3 mm at a laser intensity of 3.3 GW cm− 2. The measured results, both the distribution of residual stress and radius of curvature, fit well with those obtained from the proposed theory.

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a previously unidentified therapeutic target that inhibits neutrophil and macrophage activation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fostamatinib, a SYK inhibitor, was studied in a phase 2 placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial and was associated with improvements in many secondary end points related to efficacy. Here, we used a multiomic approach to evaluate cellular and soluble immune mediator responses of patients enrolled in this trial. We demonstrated that SYK inhibition was associated with reduced neutrophil activation, increased circulation of mature neutrophils (CD10 + CD33 − ), and decreased circulation of low-density granulocytes and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (HLA-DR − CD33 + CD11b − ). SYK inhibition was also associated with normalization of transcriptional activity in circulating monocytes relative to healthy controls, an increase in frequency of circulating nonclassical and HLA-DR hi classical monocyte populations, and restoration of interferon responses. Together, these data suggest that SYK inhibition may mitigate proinflammatory myeloid cellular and soluble mediator responses thought to contribute to immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19.

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In this paper, based on the basic shock wave relations and the stiffened gas equation of state, the laser-induced shock pressures, which are generated with homogenous rectangular laser pulse at power density of several GW/cm2, are proposed theoretically and experimentally. The laser-induced shock pressures are affected by the laser power density as well as the shock velocities, initial densities and adiabatic exponents of the target material and confined water which are considered to be condensed matter other than “solid” or “perfect gas” in the previous work. Performed on Al-2024 alloys, the laser-induced shock wave was measured with the poly(vinylidene fluoride) transducer and recorded by the oscilloscope. The laser-induced shock pressure derived from the proposed method agrees much better with the experimental results than that using the “solid” or “perfect gas” theory.

With the increasing attention paid to sustainable development around the world, improving energy efficiency and applying effective means of energy saving have gradually received worldwide attention. As the largest energy consumers, manufacturing industries are also inevitably facing pressures on energy optimization evolution from both governments and competitors. The rational optimization of energy consumption in industrial operation activities can significantly improve the sustainability level of the company. Among these enterprise activities, operation and maintenance (O&M) of manufacturing systems are considered to have the most prospects for energy optimization. The diversity of O&M activities and system structures also expands the research space for it. However, the energy consumption optimization of manufacturing systems faces several challenges: the dynamics of manufacturing activities, the complexity of system structures, and the diverse interpretation of energy-optimization definitions. To address these issues, we review the existing O&M optimization approaches with energy management and divide them into several operation levels. This paper addresses current research development on O&M optimization with energy-management considerations from single-machine, production-line, factory, and supply-chain levels. Finally, it discusses recent research trends in O&M optimization with energy-management considerations in manufacturing systems.