Introduction !Sea cucumbers are soft-bodied worm-like echinoderms and belong to the class Holothuroidea, which has 25 families, including about 200 genera with more than 1400 species [1]. Sea cucumbers have economic importance in Asian countries, especially in China where some sea cucumbers are used in traditional medicine [2] and are also perceived as a delicacy. In recent decades, sea cucumbers have gained great attention among researchers around the world, not only due to their nutritive value, but also for their potential health benefits and therapeutic uses [3]. A number of biological activities including anticancer, antiangiogenic, anticoagulant, antihypertension, and anti-inflammatory effects are ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Different classes of compounds such as triterpenoid glycosides (saponins), sulfated polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycan, sterols, phenolics, lectins, peptides, glycosphingolipids, and fatty acids were found to be present in sea cucumbers [3]. To date, more than 100 triterpenoid glycosides with widely studied anticancer and antiviral activities have been isolated and identified from sea cucumbers [1]. Holothuria moebii Ludwig is a species of sea cucumbers of the Holothuriidae family. Members of this species are always found under rocks near the ebb tide line and distributed mainly in the seas of Mauritius, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, South Japan, South China, Philippines, Indonesia, South Pacific, and North Austria [2]. Until now, there have been no reports on the constituents or medicinal uses of this species. As a part of our ongoing project for the discovery of novel antitumor agents from natural resources [4][5][6][7], we have conducted chemical studies on a methanol extract prepared from the whole bodies of H. moebii and investigated the bioactivity of the isolated compounds. Four sulfated saponins, 1-4 (l " Fig. 1), were isolated from sea cucumber H. moebii. Alkaline hydrolysis of saponin 3, the major compound in the crude saponins, produced desulfated saponin 3B with an unusual modified xylose. Compound 2 is a new triterpenoid glycoside and 3B is a new artificial compound. We report herein the isolation Abstract !The bioactive ingredients of sea cucumber Holothuria moebii were investigated, and four sulfated saponins (1-4) and one desulfated saponin (3B) with an unusual 3,4-epoxy xylose were obtained from this study. Compound 2 is a new triterpenoid saponin and 3B is a new artificial compound. Supporting information available online at

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of neutral white and chromatic adaptation on a display under ambient lighting conditions with different chromaticities and illuminance levels. The desktop display was arranged to simulate a mobile phone. The neutral white was the whitest point that excluded chromatic color. Only one original image was used and it comprised black text against a white background under CIE illuminant D65 and the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer. Forty-two rendered images were made to cover a representative area of chromaticity space that might be considered white. Eleven ambient lighting conditions were applied with five values of correlated color temperature (3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, and 8000 K) each at two illuminance levels (500 and 1000 lx) plus a dark condition. A psychophysical experiment was conducted where observers were asked to judge each image in terms of "neutrality" under each ambient lighting condition. The results showed that there were significant differences between different ambient lighting conditions. All the available data including the present were used to develop an incomplete chromatic adaptation function with different scaling factors for the incomplete adaptation factor (D) in CAT02. The function suggests that the illuminance and chromaticity of the illuminant had a clear trend on chromatic adaptation. However, the degree of adaptation is affected by the viewing conditions in each experiment.

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