The carbon corrosion sites at positive electrodes of supercapacitors are identified as H-terminated edge sites, ether, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.

Durable nanostructured cathode materials for efficient all-solid-state Li−S batteries were prepared using a conductive single-walled 3D graphene with a large pore volume as the cathode support material. At high loadings of the active material (50−60 wt %), microscale phase segregation was observed with a conventional cathode support material during the charging/discharging processes but this was suppressed by the confinement of insulating sulfur into the mesopores of the elastic and flexible nanoporous graphene with a large pore volume of 5.3 mL g −1 . As such, durable three-phase contact was achieved among the solid electrolyte, insulating sulfur, and the electrically conductive carbon. Consequently, the electrochemical performances of the assembled all-solidstate batteries were significantly improved and feasible under the harsh conditions of operation at 353 K, and improved cycling stability as well as the highest specific capacity of 716 mA h per gram of cathode (4.6 mA h cm −2 , 0.2 C) was achieved with high sulfur loading (50 wt %).

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MgO has specific catalysis for CH4-to-C conversion, and functions as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly template to produce graphene mesosponge with developed porosity, excellent stability, and super soft and elastic properties.