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In recent years, substantial investments in science and technology have led to an increase in Chinese academic journals. Previous investigations have used international indexes to track growth, but this article uses the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database along with Web of Science and SCImago to avoid inclusion bias and analyse the complete landscape of Chinese academic journals (in all disciplines). This article investigated the rate of growth of new journals, the regional distribution of journals, and the quality of the journals (calculated domestically and internationally). Our results indicate that: (1) the average annual growth rate of Chinese academic journals has been 2.74%, but this might probably be affected by different periods of China’s economic and cultural development; (2) the number of journals published in Eastern China is higher than that in Central and Western China; (3) journal quality has improved somewhat in recent years; (4) 84.48% of journals demonstrate domestic impact factors below 1; and (5) China performs better than other developing countries when using the impact factor but equals them when using the SCImago Journal and Country Rank indicator.

Academic journals play a critical role in recording and transferring knowledge. However, the geographic evolution and spatial autocorrelation of the distribution of academic journals have yet to be fully investigated. Inspired by this gap, we used descriptive analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis to reveal the crosscountry inequality, globalization process and spatial autocorrelation of academic journals from 1950 to 2013 based on the Ulrichsweb database. We found that: (1) there was a tremendous disparity in the distribution of academic journals at the country level; (2) both the crosscountry inequality of academic journals and the differences in academic publishing between the top three publishing countries witnessed a wavy trend; (3) the US, Eastern Asia and Europe were the central regions while Africa and Central Asia were lagging behind; (4) most of the academic journals in the top ten publishing countries were technology-based, and the proportion of academic journals in the field of Social Sciences and Technology went up; (5) most of the top ten publishing countries have experienced a rising-decreasing-stabilizing pattern of academic journals' growth before 2000; (6) the temporal and spatial variation of the distribution of academic journals may be attributed to political and economic factors; (7) the spatial autocorrelation of the distribution of academic journal was firstly strengthened and mitigated; (8) the European cluster has been the hot-spot area in academic journal publishing since 1950.

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China views the development of sustainable agriculture as a crucial aspect of agricultural development. Using green agriculture patents from 1998 to 2021, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of patent numbers and investigates the IPC co-occurrence network. The findings are as follows. First, the number of patents for green agriculture in mainland China has increased significantly. From 2010 to 2015, the number of patents reached its highest point. Second, the spatial distribution of green agriculture patents is quite uneven, particularly in Heilongjiang province, which has the largest grain production and the lowest patent output level. Third, while the majority of IPC subclasses are well-developed, some are unevenly developed. In China, popular fields include seed breeding, planting, and organic fertilizers. This research aims to present empirical evidence for the future layout of green agriculture in China and the development of green agriculture in other developing countries.