In view of the insufficiency of bidirectional seismic control of long span cable-stayed bridges as well as the limitations of existing schemes, a multi-direction damping system (MDDS) was proposed and investigated in this manuscript, which can provide seismic resistance bidirectionally. The new damping system owned a unique middle connecting structure, which overcomes the disadvantages that axial instability caused of excessive long rod and the demand of large installing space of traditional dampers. Both the performance stability and constitutive relationship of MDDS were verified by engineering tests, and the equivalent design method was then proposed and proved to be applicable. A detailed finite element numerical model of a super-long (main span over 800m) column-pylon cable-stayed bridge which equipped with MDDS in practice was established, the fragility curves of critical components were obtained by non-linear time history analysis, which exhibited the high efficiency of MDDS seismic performance in both transversal and longitudinal directions. Through extracting the median fragility value of 35 sections of the pylon under four damping cases i.e. setting dampers transversely (TDS), longitudinally (LDS), bidirectionally (BDS) and MDDS, it can be concluded that MDDS performed far better on seismic resistance than LDS and TDS, and made the similar contribution with BDS. On account of half number of damper setting and the reduction in installing space demand, MDDS becomes the optimal choice in practical application for its economical efficiency and superiority. Furthermore, the optimal horizontal installing angle of MDDS was derived through six angle cases which was based on the system-level fragility curves comparison.

In view of the insufficiency of bidirectional seismic control of long span cable-stayed bridges as well as the limitations of existing schemes, a multi-direction damping system (MDDS) was proposed and investigated in this manuscript, which can provide seismic resistance bidirectionally. The new damping system owned a unique middle connecting structure, which overcomes the disadvantages that axial instability caused of excessive long rod and the demand of large installing space of traditional dampers. Both the performance stability and constitutive relationship of MDDS were verified by engineering tests, and the equivalent design method was then proposed and proved to be applicable. A detailed finite element numerical model of a super-long (main span over 800m) column-pylon cable-stayed bridge which equipped with MDDS in practice was established, the fragility curves of critical components were obtained by non-linear time history analysis, which exhibited the high efficiency of MDDS seismic performance in both transversal and longitudinal directions. Through extracting the median fragility value of 35 sections of the pylon under four damping cases i.e. setting dampers transversely (TDS), longitudinally (LDS), bidirectionally (BDS) and MDDS, it can be concluded that MDDS performed far better on seismic resistance than LDS and TDS, and made the similar contribution with BDS. On account of half number of damper setting and the reduction in installing space demand, MDDS becomes the optimal choice in practical application for its economical efficiency and superiority. Furthermore, the optimal horizontal installing angle of MDDS was derived through six angle cases which was based on the system-level fragility curves comparison.

Abstract. Since 1970s, China made a change of successful economic transformation; China's education also experienced great change because of marketization and reform. The policies at different time reflect the strategies of government to make use of the market economy and create more chances for their people from the education resources. This paper aims to analyse and present the effect of marketization in educational field of urban China.