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This study aims to evaluate the changes of phenolic acids, lignans and tocopherols of sesame seeds during 0-6 days of germination by monitoring the activities of phenolic metabolism related enzymes...

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of rice residue on the physicochemical properties of silver carp surimi gels. The whiteness of gels was slightly decreased when rice residue was added. Breaking force and deformation of gels were significantly decreased with more than 1% rice residue addition (p < 0.05). The trends of storage modulus, tan δ, and interactions demonstrated a negative effect of rice residue (more than 1%) on gel network. The addition of rice residue reduced the interactions in surimi gel network, such as hydrophobic interaction. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that there was little interaction between rice proteins and myofibrillar proteins. Rice residue deteriorated the freeze-thaw stability of surimi gels. Therefore, rice residue could be an inactive filler in the gel network unless it was less than 1%.

Chicoric acid (CA) can display health benefits as a dietary polyphenol. However, as CA is widely metabolized in vivo, the actual compounds responsible for its bioactivities are not entirely known. Herein, the major methylated metabolites of CA were isolated from an in vitro co-incubation system, and their structures were elucidated. The antioxidant activities of the monomethylated metabolites (M1) and dimethylated metabolites (M2) of CA were evaluated against H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage in HepG2 cells and compared to CA. The results indicated that both M1 and M2 had better antioxidant capacities than CA by increasing cell viability, improving mitochondrial function, and balancing cellular redox status. These compounds also prevented oxidative stress by mediating the Keap1/Nrf2 transcriptional pathway and downregulating enzyme activity. The current research indicates that the methylated metabolites of CA could potentially be the candidates that are responsible for the biological efficacies attributed to CA.