BACKGROUND: Although ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvents have become a focus of research in the field of metal ions separation, little attention has been paid to gold(I) recovery from alkaline cyanide solutions using ILs as extractants. Therefore, this work explores gold(I) extraction using hydrophobic imidazolium-based ionic liquids.

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In this paper, we synthesized a novel structure of sulfoxide, benzyl 2-ethylhexyl sulfoxide (BSO), and evaluated its performance for extracting phenol. The influences of several variables on phenol extraction were investigated, including equilibrium time, pH value, temperature, and salts in the aqueous phase. It was found the BSO dissolved in kerosene was an effective extractant for the recovery of phenol from an aqueous solution at pH ¼ 2. The transfer mechanism of phenol into the organic phase was proved to be the solvation reaction by BSO through hydrogen bonds as a phenol: BSO 1:1 complex. The temperature variation tests showed that the extraction process is exothermic, and phenol extraction efficiency decreased with increased reaction temperature. Phenol could be efficiently stripped from the loaded organic phase with a sodium hydroxide solution. The results obtained establish that the BSO/kerosene system has potential for practical applications in the recovery of phenol from aqueous solutions.

This paper considers a capital-constrained online retailer (OR) selling products through an e-commerce platform (EP) who also offers financial services to retailers. During the selling season, the OR exerts an effort to promote market demand through activities like sales promotions, advertising and live-streaming selling events. To investigate the EP-based financing scheme, a game-theoretic model is developed where the EP functions as the leader determining the interest rate and platform usage fee rate, and the OR functions as the follower determining the order quantity and effort level. We explore the impacts of the OR’s risk-aversion and find that when the OR is risk-averse (1) she sets a high effort level, and the EP sets a high usage fee rate; (2) a high risk-averse OR orders less products than low risk-averse OR. We design specific revenue-cost sharing contracts to coordinate the supply chain and demonstrate that the designed contracts are feasible. Moreover, we find that the OR consistently prefers EP financing compared to bank financing.