Hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients and are associated with the reduction of physical functioning and quality of life. We evaluated the effects of supervised aerobic exercise training on physical functioning, blood pressure, quality of life, and laboratory data in hemodialysis patients. Fourteen patients were evaluated at the beginning and after 12 weeks of stretching exercises (control phase) and at the end of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training performed during hemodialysis sessions (intervention phase). Patients underwent a 6-min walking test (6MWT), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, a Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire, and blood sample collections. After the intervention phase, the 6MWT distance increased from 508.7 +/- 91.9 m to 554.9 +/- 105.8 m (P = 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased respectively from 150.6 +/- 18.4 mm Hg to 143.5 +/- 14.7 mm Hg and from 94.6 +/- 10.5 mm Hg to 91.4 +/- 9.7 mm Hg (P < 0.05), while hemoglobin levels increased from 10.8 +/- 1.2 g/dL to 11.6 +/- 0.8 g/dL (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increase in the physical functioning, social functioning, and mental health dimensions of the SF-36. Aerobic exercise training during hemodialysis increased physical functioning, reduced blood pressure levels, and improved the control of anemia and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease.
BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function. While early-stage CKD patients may show changes in pulmonary function and lowered exercise tolerance, the role of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in these patterns remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigated pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in pre-dialytic CKD patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out with 38 adult volunteers divided into a control group (CG), consisting of 9 healthy adults, and 29 pre-dialytic CKD patients in stages 3 (G3), 4 (G4), and 5 (G5). All participants underwent spirometric and manovacuometric tests, a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), a 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and laboratory tests.ResultsThe significant differences was observed in maximal exercise tolerance, measured as peak oxygen consumption percentage (VO2peak) (mL/kg/min) (CG = 28.9 ± 7.8, G3 = 23.3 ± 5.6, G4 = 21.4 ± 5.2, G5 = 20.2 ± 6.9; p = 0.03), and submaximal exercise tolerance, measured by 6MWT (m) (CG = 627.6 ± 37.8, G3 = 577.4 ± 66.1, G4 = 542.7 ± 57.3, G5 = 531.5 ± 84.2, p = 0.01). The eGFR was associated with pulmonary function-forced expiratory volume in the first second percentage (FEV1) (%) (r = 0.34, p = 0.02) and maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) (r = 0.41, p = 0.02) - and exercise tolerance - VO2peak (mL/kg/min) (r = 0.43, p = 0.01) and 6MWT distance (m) (r = 0.55, p < 0.01).ConclusionPre-dialytic CKD patients showed lower maximal and submaximal exercise tolerances than healthy individuals.
ResumoIntrodução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é muito prevalente e representa um importante problema de saúde pública. O maior conhecimento dos fatores de risco relacionados à progressão da DRC permite adotar estratégias terapêuticas que podem alterar o curso natural da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais à admissão nos desfechos de óbito e início de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS). Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, composta de 211 pacientes adultos com DRC nos estágios 3-5 tratados, acompanhados por 56,6 ± 34,5 meses. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 65,4 ± 15,1 anos, sendo 63,5% com > 60 anos. As principais etiologias de DRC foram nefroesclerose hipertensiva (29%) e doença renal diabética (DRD) (17%). A maioria dos pacientes encontravase no estágio 4 da DRC (47,3%). A perda média anual de taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi 0,6 ± 2,5 mL/min/1,73 m 2 (mediana 0,7 mL/min/1,73 m 2 ). Após os ajustes para as variáveis demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais, concluiu-se que apresentar DRD [risco relativo (RR) 4,4; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%, 1,47-13,2; p = 0,008] foi preditor de TRS e a idade (RR 1,09; IC 95%, 1,04-1,15; p < 0,0001) e o não tratamento com bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina (BRA) (RR 4,18; IC 95%, 1,34-12,9; p = 0,01) foram preditores de ób-ito. A sobrevida renal e a geral dos pacientes foram de 70,9% e 68,6%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Neste estudo, os pacientes com DRC nos estágios 3-5 tratados conservadoramente apresentaram estabilização funcional e baixa mortalidade, desfechos associados à DRD, idade e não tratamento com BRA. Palavras-chave: Insuficiência renal crônica. Progressão da doença. Fatores de risco. AbstRActIntroduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very common condition that has become a public health issue. Knowing more about risk factors associated with the progression of CKD allows therapeutic interventions that may change the natural course of the disease. Objective: To evaluate the impact of clinical and laboratory variables at admission on the outcomes death and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Methods: A retrospective cohort study comprised of 211 adult patients with stages 3-5 CKD, followed-up for 56.6 ± 34.5 months. Results: Mean age of patients was 65.4 ± 15.1 years and 63.5% were > 60 years. The main causes of CKD were hypertensive nephrosclerosis (29%) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (17%). Most patients (47.3%) were on stage 4 CKD. The mean annual loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 0.6 ± 2.5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (median 0.77 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) After the adjustments for demographic, clinical and laboratory variables, DKD [relative risk (RR) 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47 to 13.2; p = 0.008] was predictive of RRT; age (RR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15; p < 0.0001) and the non-treatment with angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (RR 4.18, 95% CI, 1.34 to 12.9; p = 0.01) were predictors of death. Renal and patient survival rates were 70.9% and 68.6%, respectively. Conclusion: In t...
INTRODUÇÃO: Nos pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC) submetidos à hemodiálise (HD), o sedentarismo compromete a capacidade funcional e se associa a aumento da mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares. Apesar da demonstração dos benefícios da prática de exercícios físicos para estes pacientes, poucos centros de diálise desenvolvem esta atividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a experiência de cinco anos de um programa de exercício aeróbico intradialítico, com ênfase na adesão e na segurança do procedimento. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, que participaram de um programa de exercícios realizado no período de agosto de 2004 a agosto de 2009. O exercício foi realizado nas duas horas iniciais da HD, empregando-se um cicloergômetro horizontal, sendo constituído de aquecimento, condicionamento e resfriamento. Foram realizadas análises descritivas dos dados coletados ao longo dos cinco anos do programa. RESULTADOS: No período de cinco anos, 34 pacientes (48,26 ± 11,44 anos; 20 mulheres) participaram do programa de exercício. Foram realizadas 3.077 sessões individuais de exercício aeróbico durante as sessões de HD. O tempo médio de participação no programa foi de 15,65 ± 13,86 meses e a aderência às sessões de exercício foi de 64,87 ± 19,47%. Apesar do registro de alguns episódios de hipotensão, sem repercussões hemodinâmicas significativas, não foram observadas complicações clínicas importantes. CONCLUSÃO: A realização de exercício aeróbico durante a sessão de HD é uma prática bem aceita pelos pacientes, segura e não acompanhada de complicações graves.
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