Ethanol vapor plays a significant role in the aspects of human health and industrial production, thus necessitating a swift, sensitive, and low‐power ethanol detection in the field of future gas sensors. In this work, we prepared micro–electro–mechanical system ethanol sensors based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nanoparticles (NPs) for trace ethanol detection. Both ZnO samples were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The comparison results exhibited that ZnO NRs based sensors prevailed over NPs‐based counterparts in terms of sensitivity, optimal operation temperature, and reaction speeds. Briefly, that ZnO NRs‐based sensors presented a large response (11.5 toward 5 ppm), fast response/recovery times (5 s/5 s), ultralow detection limit (400 ppb), and tiny power consumption (30 mW) at 245°C, surpassing most of recently reported ethanol sensors and commercial products based metal oxides. The abundant oxygen vacancies, large specific surface area, and porous structure were primarily responsible for the excellent sensor performance. This work also offers a facile and competitive approach to realize a sensitive and swift trace ethanol recognition with minimal power consumption, catering for the demanding requirements of future gas sensors in the fields of wearable devices and Internet of Things.

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Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a chronic and fatal infectious parasitic disease, which has not been well-researched. Current recommended therapies for AE by the World Health Organization include complete removal of the infected tissue followed by two years of albendazole (ABZ), administered orally, which is the only effective first-line anti-AE drug. Unfortunately, in most cases, complete resection of AE lesions is impossible, requiring ABZ administration for even longer periods. Only one-third of patients experienced complete remission or cure with such treatments, primarily due to ABZ’s low solubility and low bioavailability. To improve ABZ bioavailability, albendazole bile acid derivative (ABZ-BA) has been designed and synthesized. Its structure was identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Its physicochemical properties were evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and polarizing microscopy; it was compared with ABZ to assess its solubilization mechanism at the molecular level. To avoid the effects of bile acid on the efficacy of albendazole, the inhibitory effect of ABZ-BA on protoscolex (PSCs)s was observed in vitro. The inhibitory effect of ABZ-BA on PSCs was evaluated by survival rate, ultrastructural changes, and the expression of key cytokines during PSC apoptosis. The results showed that ABZ-BA with 4-amino-1-butanol as a linker was successfully prepared. Physicochemical characterization demonstrated that the molecular arrangement of ABZ-BA presents a short-range disordered amorphous state, which changes the drug morphology compared with crystalline ABZ. The equilibrium solubility of ABZ-BA was 4-fold higher than ABZ in vitro. ABZ-BA relative bioavailability (Frel) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was 26-fold higher than ABZ in vivo. The inhibitory effect of ABZ-BA on PSCs was identical to that of ABZ, indicating that adding bile acid did not affect the efficacy of anti-echinococcosis. In the pharmacodynamics study, it was found that the ABZ-BA group had 2.7-fold greater than that of Albenda after 1 month of oral administration. The relative bioavailability of ABZ-BA is significantly better than ABZ due to the transformation of the physical state from a crystalline state to an amorphous state. Furthermore, sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) expressed in the apical small intestine has a synergistic effect through the effective transport of bile acids. Therefore, we concluded that the NC formulation could potentially be developed to improve anti-AE drug therapy.

When traditional Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) model is used to simulate free surface flow with large Reynolds number, the instability of numerical calculation due to high random pressure oscillations will be resulted, while accurate pressure field is of vital significance for simulating violent fluid-structure interactions. Riemann-based SPH and Delta-SPH are widely used to solve this problem. In this paper, to enhance computational efficiency, the SPH method is implemented on the General Processing Unit (GPU) platform through Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). The parallelized SPH programs including standard SPH method, Riemann-based SPH and Delta-SPH are verified by a dam break model with large Reynolds number and violent deformation of free surface. The results show that all SPH methods can vividly reflect the whole process of splashing, rolling and backward jet flow; both the Riemann-based SPH and the Delta-SPH are effective in alleviating the problem of inhomogeneous pressure distribution in the simulation process; Riemann-based SPH has better stability even with relatively large particle spacing, and it has higher accuracy in simulating impact pressure. When the number of particles reaches 100,000, compared with the single-thread Central Processing Unit (CPU) implementation, the speedups obtained with NVIDIA Titan V with high computing cores and Quadro K2200 with low computing cores are thousands and hundreds, respectively.