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An overview of melatonin prescribing trends and variation in England is described in this study. Prescription reimbursement data for melatonin in England were extracted from publicly available primary care datasets between 2008-2019. Melatonin prescribing rates, cost and product license status were described over time. Potential factors associated with melatonin prescribing were investigated using Poisson regression. Melatonin prescribing increased from 2.0 to 19.9 per 1000 people between 2008 and 2019. While prescriptions for licensed products increased from 6.5% to 88.2%, spending on unlicensed products was £10 million and accounted for 23.3% of the total prescription cost in 2019. Practices with a higher proportion of children and older people and those serving more deprived patient populations were associated with a higher rate of prescribing (rate ratio = 1.51, 1.66 and 1.59, respectively).Melatonin prescribing in England has increased exponentially over the last decade, with substantial spending on unlicensed products of unknown quality. Patient-level analysis research is needed.

Abstract:Objective: To study the incidence, various patterns, age and sex distribution, various presentation and complications of CHD among admitted children of age 1month to 12 years Design: Hospital Based observational StudySetting: Department of Pediatrics, GMCH, Guwahati.Study Population: All children with CHD of age 1 month to 12 years admitted and first time diagnosed with CHD during above mentioned period.Method: Thorough history and clinical examination was carried out on 4569 admitted patients and clinical diagnosis was made. Final diagnosis was established by 2 D-Echocardiography and analyzed to know profile of CHD.