The partial pressure of ethanol and water in mixtures ranging in composition from 10 to 90% by weight ethanol and containing variable amounts of dissolved salt (NaCI, KCI, or CsCI) to provide a range of salt molalities (based on 1000 g of each mixture) from zero to saturation has been measured. Compilation of these data has been facilitated by vapor chromatographic measurements. The mean molal activity coefficients of these chlorides in the various ethanol-water mixtures have been deduced from these measurements. In the case of NaCI and KCI, the mean molal activity coefficients in the mixed media have also been determined directly in cells without a liquid junction. The cross-differential terms in the Gibbs-Duhem equation have been employed to show that both kinds of measurements (vapor phase chromatographic and potentiometric) yield equivalent results.

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In this study, the marine circular economy mode of marine industries was investigated by using utilization of Tianjin Beijiang Power Plant. Tianjin Beijiang Power Plant, taking the effective and circular utilization of resources as core, depending on the regional industrial advantage, expanding the industrial chain continually and making itself play the leading role, perfectly combines sea water desalination, salt making, salt chemical products, building materials and some other items, thereby making the wastes of by-products of former processes the raw materials of latter processes. In this way, the power plant has found a new road of circular economy characterized by maximum resource utilization, minimum waste discharge and optimal economic benefit. The project meets the 3R rules of circular economy, i.e. “high efficiency, low consumption and low pollution”, and its project combining electric power, water and salt is first-ever in China and a typical circular economy project and an ecological project as well, presenting an important demonstration significance and promotion value for the comprehensive development of circular economy.

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Magnetic modification holds a significant place for regulating the performance of biochar for wastewater treatment, endowing its magnetic separation property and facilitating its wide application. Herein, a ball-milled oxidative magnetic modification of pristine biochar was employed to manufacture magnetic biochar using K2FeO4 as a precursor and internal oxidant for removal of methylene blue and tetracycline from aqueous solution. The characterizations showed that magnetic iron oxide and oxygen-containing groups were simultaneously introduced. Moreover, specific surface area and pore volume were remarkably enhanced from 0.7 m2/g to 71.2 m2/g and from 0.001 cm3/g to 0.034 cm3/g, respectively. The magnetic biochar showed that 133.76 mg/g and 58.34 mg/g adsorption capacities for MB and TC, respectively, significantly transcended the pristine biochar. Its adsorption was mainly dominated by oxygen-containing groups and iron species. This would provide an efficient oxidative magnetic modification for the preparation of oxygen-containing group-rich magnetic biochar for the removal of MB and TC.