A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. Strain CAU 9143 grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143 belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299 (97.1 % similarity). Strain CAU 9143 contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. The whole-cell sugars were glucose and galactose. The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143 and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299, was 22.3 %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143 represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 9143 (=KCTC 13958,=CECT 8917).

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CAU 1453, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1453 grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 6.5 in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CAU 1453 represented a member of the genus Arenimonas and was most closely related to Arenimonas donghaensis KACC 11381 (97.2 % similarity). CAU 1453 contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphoglycolipid, an aminophospholipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified glycolipids. CAU 1453 showed low DNA-DNA relatedness with the most closely related strain, A. donghaensis KACC 11381 (26.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CAU 1453 represents a novel species of the genus Arenimonas, for which the name Arenimonas halophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1453 (=KCTC 62235=NBRC 113093).

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A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by one single flagellum, dark-orange pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated CAU 1457, was isolated from marine sediment in the Republic of Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 6.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity, strain CAU 1457 belonged to the genus Sphingomicrobium and was related most closely to Sphingomicrobium astaxanthinifaciens JCM 18551 (98.2 % similarity). Strain CAU 1457 contained ubiquinone-10 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c/ω6c) as the major cellular fatty acids. Triamine sym-homospermidine was detected as the major compound in the polyamine pattern. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, four unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CAU 1457 and the closely related strains, Sphingomicrobium astaxanthinifaciens JCM 18551 and Sphingomicrobium aestuariivivum KCTC 42286 were 32.7 and 28.4 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain was 68.8 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data indicated that strain CAU 1457 represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomicrobium, for which the name Sphingomicrobium arenosum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1457 (=KCTC 62233=NBRC 113094).

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