BACKGROUNDSalivary gland neoplasms account for <3% of all tumours. Most of them are benign in nature. Parotid gland is the commonest site for salivary gland tumour. Ultrasound is an ideal tool for initial screening of tumour. If deep tissue extension is present, MRI or CT is done to evaluate tumour extent, local invasion, and perineural spread. METHODSAbout 50 patients who came for evaluation of suspicious salivary gland tumour were included in the study from August 2018 to September 2018. All patients underwent USG, CT and MRI examination for radiological confirmation of salivary gland tumour and its extension. All patients underwent biopsy for histopathological confirmation of radiological diagnosis. RESULTSObservations were made according to age, sex, site, symptoms, USG, CT and MRI appearance of the tumours and the study data was analysed. It was found that most of the benign tumours were observed in age range of 31-40 years (42.85%) and most of the malignant tumours were observed in the age range of 41-50 years (45.45%). Benign tumours were more commonly observed in female patients (57.14%) and most of malignant tumours were observed in male patients (63.63%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound for diagnosis of salivary gland tumours is 78.57%, 81.82%, 84.62%, 75.00% and 80.00%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT for diagnosis of salivary gland tumours is 75.00%, 94.44%, 90.00%, 85.00% and 86.67% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of MRI for diagnosis of salivary gland tumours is 87.50%, 85.71%, 87.50%, 85.71% and 86.67% respectively. CONCLUSIONSMRI is marginally superior to CT in differentiating benign from malignant salivary gland tumours. Ultrasound is the ideal initial investigation for evaluating submandibular masses and lesions in the superficial lobe of parotid particularly as it can be readily combined with FNAC. CT and MRI are certainly morphologically equivalent studies and have the same diagnostic potential in salivary gland tumours. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Chauhan DR, Vadhiya RB, Chauhan BJ, et al. Role of imaging in salivary gland tumours.

BACKGROUND Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for the female pelvis. It can determine the organ or site of abnormality and provide a diagnosis or short differential diagnosis. Doppler sonography helps to assess normal and pathologic blood flow. Present study was done at our tertiary care center to study the role of USG and computed tomography (CT) scan in evaluation of female pelvic pathology and to assess the merits and demerits of USG and computed tomography (CT) scan over each other in characterizing pelvic pathology. METHODS 100 patients were selected for study. All patients with female pelvic pathology were included in my study. Computed tomography (CT) and USG characteristics of different lesions were noted and recorded. RESULTS Most common age of presentation of endometrial pathology was between 50 to 70 years, cervical pathology between 40 to 49 years and ovarian pathology between 50 to 59 years. Out of 100 patients, 45 patients were having cervical cancer. 30 patients were having ovarian cancer and 18 patients were having endometrial cancer. 2 cases of fibroid, 2 cases of GTN and 3 cases of simple cyst were also noted. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography is usually the first imaging modality in evaluation of female patients suspected to have pelvic pathology. Computed tomography is the superior diagnostic imaging modality compared to USG prior to treatment. It improved detection and characterization of tumour which contribute to better diagnostic accuracy.

BACKGROUND Accurate staging of rectal cancer is helpful in improving the prognosis. CT scan and MRI are performed for staging of rectal malignancy, to assess the response to nonsurgical treatment, and for follow up. Imaging provides crucial information for the appropriate management of these cancers. METHODS 50 patients were selected for the study for which they underwent computed tomography (CT) and MRI examination after explaining the entire procedure and the risks involved. RESULTS In our study, comparative role of CECT and MRI is examined in 50 patients with rectal cancer in which we found that CT scan has sensitivity of 88% in detecting rectal masses and MRI has sensitivity of 94% in detecting rectal masses. CT was able to correctly T stage 80% of patient with rectal masses and MRI was able to correctly T stage 94% of patient with rectal masses. Ability of CT was poor in detecting T1 and T2 tumours, however MRI was able to detect T2 tumours. CONCLUSIONS CECT being less expensive and faster investigation, is the first line investigation in patients of rectal cancers but MRI is the investigation of choice as it is the superior diagnostic imaging modality with improved detection and characterization of tumour and hence contributes to better diagnostic accuracy.

BACKGROUNDThyroid lesions are the most common abnormality in the endocrine system. The importance of imaging is that cancers of the thyroid must be differentiated from the much more frequent benign adenomas and multinodular goiters. METHODSStudy of 97 patients was carried out. All patients diagnosed and suspicious of thyroid lesions were included in my study. Patients referred to the radiology department for USG and/or CT scan thorax investigations, and found to have thyroid lesion, were included in this study. RESULTSIn our study, there was a higher incidence of all thyroid diseases in females. The overall sex ratio was M:F = 1:4.7. Most of the patients were in the 31-40 yrs. age group. The largest group was comprised of non-toxic goitre followed by thyroid neoplasms. Most of the patients had multinodular type of goiter followed by solitary nodular goiter. Simple diffuse goiter was seen only in 10.5% cases. Majority of the patients showed mixed consistency, followed closely by solid consistency. Majority of the malignant lesions was papillary type of carcinoma (46%) followed by follicular carcinoma (20%) and metastasis (13.3%). CONCLUSIONSUSG had high sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 96.5% in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions which was better than that of CT scan which had a sensitivity of 66.6% and specificity of 80%. CT scan was found to be useful in staging of thyroid malignancies.