Recently, financial distress has become a significant issue, especially for the banking sector, that is considered as the backbone of the economy. Thus, the present study aim is to examine the effects of operating cash flow, profitability, financial leverage, trading activities and liquidity on financial distress of the banking industry of ASEAN countries. The researchers have extracted the data from the central banks of ASEAN countries for the year 2009 to 2018. The random effect model along with generalized method of moment (GMM) approaches have been used to check the predictors such as operating cash flow, profitability, financial leverage, trading activities and liquidity on financial distress of banking industry of ASEAN countries. The results revealed that all the predictors such as operating cash flow, profitability, financial leverage, trading activities and liquidity have a positive association with the financial distress of the banking industry of ASEAN countries. These outcomes provide the guidelines to the regulation-making authorities that they should enhance their focus on the issue of financial distress that could improve the financial position of the banks along with the country.

Contemporary development economists are focusing more on the influence of trade openness and institutional quality on economic development in developing nations. Effective institutions are thought to be essential for increasing economic progress, especially in developing countries. Trade liberalization has been increasing since the mid-1980s. The term "trade openness" refers to the removal or reduction of trade obstacles between countries and the promotion of free trade. Twenty years ago, a consensus emerged that trade openness strongly promoted economic growth. Developing economies including Pakistan are rapidly moving to free trade due to its numerous advantages. From 1984 to 2018, this research sought to uncover the relationships between institutional quality, trade openness, and Pakistan's economic growth. To achieve the goals of this research, state-of-the-art econometric methodologies were applied to various findings. Descriptive statistics are used to determine the data's center of tendency and skewness. To check the stationary problem of all series, ADF and Philips-Perron unit root tests are used. Both tests recommended using the ARDL bounds test. Two indices were created for this study: one to gauge the institutional quality and the other to measure trade openness. The main factors in Pakistan's economic growth are trade openness and institutional quality, according to empirical findings. According to this empirical research, trade liberalization will only be successful if policymakers seek to improve the quality of Pakistan's political and economic institutions

The present study estimates the impact of natural resources, eco-innovations and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Pakistan over 1990-2019 period. For empirical estimation, Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and Granger Causality Analysis, Variance Decomposition Analysis and Impulse Response Function are applied after checking the stationarity properties and long run cointegration among the variables. According to the empirical findings, natural resources have significant positive impact, whereas eco-innovations have negative impact on CO2 emission in Pakistan. Bi-directional causal association is present between CO2 and eco-innovations, and CO2 and economic growth, but no causal association is present between natural resources and CO2 emission. In addition, Variance Decomposition Analysis and Impulse Response Function show the forecasted effects of natural resources, eco-innovations and economic growth on future CO2 emissions. The findings are robust to various policy recommendations. The study recommends the policymakers and the government to implement strict regulations to curb the over utilization of natural resources. Government should also start new businesses and research and development programs in collaboration with private sector to promote eco-friendly technologies that will help in mitigation of environmental pollution in Pakistan.

Globalization is a crucial determinant of energy consumption, so this study analyzes the effect of energy consumption in the presence of globalization on environmental degradation in Thailand. Furthermore, this study uses the EKC hypothesis. It estimates the effect of energy use, globalization, and economic growth with the dynamics of rising or falling influence in global economic degradation and Validation of the EKC hypothesis in Thailand. For this purpose, use time-series data from 1970 to 2018. First of all, check the order of integrating the variables by the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips Perron test. Results indicate that there exists a unit root at the level. Hence move the DOLS and ARDL econometrics model to analyze the impact of globalization, energy use and economic growth on environmental degradation. Results confirm the validity of the EKC hypothesis in Thailand due to positive and negative association among the GDP and Square of GDP, which also confirms that the U-shaped relationship exists there. Thus, globalization condenses environmental degradation while energy consumption boosts the level of carbon emission in Thailand. Therefore, the study suggested that their needs improvement in energy policies reduce the use of conventional energy resources and move towards modern energy like nonrenewable energy, which reduces the pollution in the country and boosts the economic development level.

The major purpose of this study is to determine the long-run and short-run determinants of the trade deficit in the United Kingdom (UK). The autoregressive distributive lagged (ARDL) approach has been employed for estimation purposes in this study. The study finds that there is negative and significant relationship exists between the real effective exchange rate (REER) and the export to import ratio in the long run. The empirical results reveal that a one percent increase in REER causes a decrease in the export to import ratio by 0.37%, while a positive relationship is observed between REER and the export to import ratio in the short run. The impact of gross fixed capital formation on the export to import ratio is statistically significant and negative in the long run as well as in the short run. The value is negative and statistically significant which validates convergence towards the equilibrium both in the case of UK exports to high-income and low-income trading partners (LITPs). The study suggests that real exchange rate and investment are major determinants for trade balance in the case of the United Kingdom and need proper attention.