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INTRODUCTIONAcute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergency with a life time prevalence of approximately 1 in 7.1 Surgery for acute appendicitis is the most frequent operation performed (10% of all emergency abdominal operations) about millions of patients coming annually to emergency worldwide.2 Although abdominal surgeons have been encountering the acute appendicitis for more than 100 years, prompt diagnosis is still elusive in order to reduce morbidity and to avoid serious complications. 3Patients with acute appendicitis often present with characteristic symptoms and physical findings but ABSTRACT Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency. Although abdominal surgeons have been encountering the acute appendicitis for more than 100 years, prompt diagnosis is still elusive in order to reduce morbidity and to avoid serious complications. Present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of Alvarado score in diagnosing acute appendicitis and its role in minimizing the negative appendectomy rate and correlating the same with histopathological findings of appendectomy specimens. Methods: This prospective correlational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, New Delhi for a period of one year from January 2014 to December2014.Complete clinical history of the patients was collected in a predesigned proforma. A complete physical and systemic examination was done for all patients. Based on the Alvarado scoring system the patients were divided into three categories. Category 1 (score ranging from 1-4), Category 2 (score ranging from 5-6), Category 3 (score ranging from 7-10). Specimen of removed appendix was sent for histopathological examination and clinically correlated those findings with Alvarado score. Sensitivity, specificity, positive negative likelihood ratios, positive and negative predictive values and negative appendectomy rate were calculated. Results: Out of 100 cases (56 males and 44 females) 15 belonged to category-I, 30 belonged to category-II and 55 belonged to category-III. Surgical procedures were done in 67 patients along with conservative management. Final diagnosis by histopathology was found in 58 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of Alvarado score was found to be 89.66% and 92.86% respectively. PPV and NPV of Alvarado score is 94.55% and 86.67% respectively. The negative appendectomy rate was 13.4%. Conclusions: Alvarado score is a simple non-invasive diagnostic procedure, which is reliable, safe, repeatable and economical, easy and can be used in emergency setting, without expensive and complicated supportive diagnostic tool in diagnosing acute appendicitis and thus still very much relevant in today's modern era with availability of gamut of expensive imaging techniques.

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Background: Imaging of salivary gland tumors is a challenge for the radiologist due to varied histological features and overlapping clinical presentation.The salivary glands have a glandular structure with tubules, secretory acini and myoepithelial cells to produce and secrete saliva. They are divided into two types: major and minor. Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the major paired salivary glands of the body. Multiple small minor salivary glands are distributed in the upper aerodigestive tract including PNS & parapharyngeal spaces. Objective: This study evaluates the role of different modalities used to assess salivary gland tumors. Results: 50 patients presenting with suspected salivary gland masses were evaluated. 22 males and 28 females were assessed with age ranging from 15 to 66 years (mean age of 52 years). 27 cases were of pleomorphic adenoma, 10 warthin tumors, 2 intraductal papilloma,1 lipoma, 1 oncocytoma,1 intra parotid paraganglioma, 2 hemangioma, 3 muco-epidermoid carcinoma, 2 adeno cystic cancer and 1 acinic cell cancer of salivary gland. 90% of patients (45 out of 50) presented with swelling / lump. 26% of patients had pain /discomfort and 4% of patients (2 out of 50) had facial nerve palsy. Conclusion: The conventional radiological evaluation was carried out using Xray and ultrasound with USG as rst line of investigation.. Cross sectional imaging with CT and MRI is useful in assessing for local extension , invasion of neighbouring structures as well as lymph nodal and systemic metastasis.MRI is superior to CT in assesing for extent and perineural spread.

Background Radiographs are the most valuable modality for diagnosis of bone tumors, however MRI is emerging as the modality of choice for assessing local spread of tumor. Objective To assess role of MRI in local spread of tumor and comparison to surgical & histo-pathological results. Results 47 patients ( age 10-73 years with mean age of 38 years) were studied from May 2018 to November 2019. There were 26 males and 21 females, 9 patients were excluded as no operative results were available. Out of the 38 total cases, 11 were osteosarcoma, 7 were Ewing’s sarcoma, 7 were GCT, 6 were Chondrosarcoma, 2 Osteochondroma, 1 PNET, 1 ABC, 1 Hemangioma, 1 Chordoma and 1 Multiple myeloma. Cortical break was detected in 29 patients on MRI with 2 false positive cases showing 93% accuracy. Medulla involvement was detected in 34/35 patients (97%). Neuro-vascular involvement was detected in 9 patients on MRI with 1 false positive cases showing 88.9% accuracy. Joint involvement was detected in 13 patients on MRI with 2 false positive cases showing 84.6% accuracy. All 4 cases of skip lesion (100%) were detected on MRI. Conclusion MRI is the modality of choice to assess for local spread of bone tumors.