Research aim is to develop the method of assessing and systematizing open pit automobile transport operating conditions. Research relevance. Pit depth growth and the introduction of modern models of dump trucks capable of working on 18–24% slopes complicate the conditions of industrial vehicles operation. In this regard, the development of the method and indicators of rock mass transportation difficulty becomes relevant as well as the systematization of vehicles operation conditions. Research methodology. The method of evaluating the difficulty of transportation is based on calculating diesel consumption per one haul cycle and reducing the actual length of the route to the relative horizontal distance with the use of rock mass vertical haul horizontal equivalents. Experimental and analytical dependences for horizontal equivalents have been determined. As a criterion of transportation difficulty evaluation, the use of operation conditions difficulty coefficient has been substantiated showing how many times truck’s power consumption when moving along the real route is higher than power consumption when moving along the horizontal macadamized route of the same length. Results. As a result of the research, the method of assessing and systematizing the operation conditions of open pit automobile transport. It has been determined that maximum values for conditions difficulty ISSN 0536-1028 «Известия вузов. Горный журнал», № 8, 2020 25 coefficients for the trucks with 4 × 2 wheel configuration are 2.6–3.0, and for all-wheel drive trucks – 5.0–6.5. By the difficulty coefficient, all operating conditions are divided into 5 classes (relatively easy, medium, difficult, very difficult, and extremely difficult). It has been determined that operating conditions in the most of diamond-mining open pits of ALROSA PJSC refer to class 3 and 4 (difficult and very difficult). The introduction of the all-wheel drive trucks will go along with the transition of operating conditions to class 5 (extremely difficult). For most of Ural pits classes 2 and 3 are typical (medium and difficult). Scope of results. Research results are to be used in open pit automobile transport design and operation when assessing and systematizing operating conditions, in technological calculations when regulating and planning diesel consumption and dump trucks capacity, and when correcting the regulatory standards of maintenance support, etc.

Contemporary approaches and techniques impacting subsurface penetration performance and penetration rate are studied and analyzed. Two main dimensions are identified, and the works performed during operation were compared. A solution based on implementation of modular architecture of the system with optional connection of modules, performing computations according to various techniques, enabling comparison of calculation results and selection of the most effective option, is proposed. A computational experiment based on real-objects data was conducted. The factors effecting drilling-and-blasting operations were identified during its course. A model designing the optical projections over targeted drill holes is also obtained. The proposed approach is more effective and accurate than manual application of drill hole spacing by paint; in addition, is saves a lot of time required for setting-up. Another highlighted advantage of the developed approach is high quality and accuracy at marking of the drill hole spacing for blasting pattern in accordance with geometrical features of the surfaces, vs. approaches and techniques used at preparation to drilling earlier. Aside from that, a clear trend of consistent improvement and perfection by means of application of intelligent algorithm is observed in this scope.

Эффективный транспорт частиц выбуренной породы является необходимым услови-ем для успеха всего процесса бурения скважин. При наклонном и горизонтальном бурении, в случае обеспечения хорошей очистки ствола скважины от шлама, появля-ется возможность избежать многих осложнений и добурить до проектной глубины за минимальное время. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования бурения наклонных и горизонтальных скважин, в открытой печати имеется незначительное количество работ, посвященных этой тематике. Рассматривается исследование влияния ряда фак-торов, входящих в процесс бурения скважины, на выбор значения критического рас-хода бурового раствора путем моделирования. В статье используются две модели, разработанные эмпирическим методом: модель Ларсена и модель Рубиандини. Были рассмотрены два сценария моделирования про-цессов транспорта шлама в скважине, пробуренной на шельфе Вьетнама. Расчеты по двум эмпирических моделям показали достаточно хорошую сходимость оптимальных скоростей потока и расхода при разных значениях параметров бурения, таких как плотность бурового раствора, механическая скорость бурения, реология. При вертикальном и наклонном бурении отмечено, что обе модели Ларсена и Рубиандини предсказывают скорости потока, которые близки к скоростям потока, типичных для практики. При горизонтальном бурении расчетные скорости потока выше значений на практике. В заключение приводятся несколько рекомендаций о том, как добиться лучшего выноса шлама и эффективной очистки ствола скважины.