The monograph examines the social and legal nature of the category "national security" as a socially significant good, an object of criminal law protection and a general object of crimes. The existence of a specific "sphere of crimes and crime" in public life is substantiated, its general characteristics are given, and the state of crime is analyzed as one of the most dangerous threats to national security in modern conditions. The problem of ensuring national security by criminal law means, the place and role of criminal policy and criminal law in the policy of combating crime and ensuring the national security of Russia are considered. Defines the concept of criminal law impact as a law-mediated reaction of the state to crime and crime, one of the key directions of the policy of combating crime, a comprehensive criminal law institution and one of the elements of the mechanism for ensuring national security. The publication is intended for students, postgraduates, researchers, teachers of law schools, employees of law enforcement agencies and all persons interested in the problems of law and law enforcement.
Аннотация. В статье обосновывается необходимость формирования в уголовном праве адекватного понятийнокатегориального аппарата, однозначной трактовки используемых терминов, понятий и категорий, отражающей объективные процессы и явления. В частности, представлен комплексный анализ понятия и сущности квалификации преступлений как межотраслевого уголовно-правового и уголовно-процессуального института. Анализируется ряд подходов отечественных и зарубежных ученых-криминологов к формулированию определения понятия «квалификация преступлений» и выявлению его природы, сущности и значения. Делается вывод о двойственности природы квалификации преступлений и, соответственно, о дуализме сущности и значения данного явления. Квалификация преступлений одновременно представляется как процесс и как результат, то есть в динамичном и в статичном проявлении. Отмечается, что уголовно-правовой аспект определяет содержание квалификации преступлений, а уголовно-процессуальный-форму и процедуру. Соответственно, уголовно-правовые положения первичны и являются основанием квалификации преступлений. Выделяется ряд ключевых отличительных черт (признаков) данного правового явления, которые влияют на определение и сущность квалификации преступлений. Подчеркивается, что в основе квалификации преступлений в любом ее проявлении всегда заложена оценка. Формулируются выводы из предпринятого исследования и, как итог, авторское определение понятия «квалификация преступлений». Ключевые слова: квалификация преступлений, уголовный закон, уголовно-правовые нормы, нормативность, уголовно-правовая терминология, уголовно-правовой понятийный аппарат
Presents an analysis of the problems of legislative regulation and practice of applying special military types of criminal punishment under the current military criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. Close attention is paid to such types of military criminal penalties as deprivation of military ranks, restriction on military service, detention in a disciplinary military unit and arrest with detention in the guardhouse. The definition of “special military criminal penalties”is formulated. The classification of these punishments into types on various grounds is given. The author analyzes the shortcomings of the provisions of the criminal law regarding military criminal penalties, as well as the judicial practice of assigning these types of criminal punishment to convicted military personnel. In addition, proposals for amendments and additions to the existing military criminal legislation and in court practice to preserve data types of criminal punishment, an increase in the practice of their application and increasing their effectiveness. It is pointed out that it is necessary to identify the reasons for the non-use of certain types of military criminal penalties and eliminate them. Proposals aimed at excluding special military types of criminal punishment from the Criminal code of the Russian Federation have been criticized, since this trend excludes the declared variety of types of criminal punishment, does not allow taking into account the special status of subjects of criminal responsibility, which excludes the individualization and differentiation of criminal responsibility and criminal punishment of military personnel. The author’s position is supported by an analysis of the opinions of scientists, practical material, and legislative activities.
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