Because of recently enacted conservation compliance legislation, reduced and no‐till farming systems in which crop residues are left on the soil surface are becoming more important in areas where soils are highly erodible. On the southern high plains of Texas, many producers are planting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) into wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.). This study was conducted to determine the allelopathic potential of wheat residues on cotton germination, emergence, seedling growth, and lint yield. Laboratory bioassays revealed that cotton seedling development was inhibited by aqueous extracts of wheat straw. Cotton cultivars were screened for the ability to tolerate the inhibitive effects of wheat straw in laboratory bioassays and greenhouse pot studies. Tolerant ‘Paymaster 404’ and intolerant ‘Acala A246’ were identified and used in field experiments that were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the influence of wheat stubble residues on their emergence and yield. Major reductions in emergence only occurred when above ground residues were present in the seedbed. Emergence was reduced by an average of 9% for Paymaster 404 and 21% for Acala A246 when wheat stubble residues were present in the seedbed. The allelopathic effect of wheat stubble indirectly influenced lint yield by affecting population densities. The negative effect of wheat stubble on cotton stand establishment can apparently be overcome by; limiting the amount of above ground residues that are incorporated into the seedbed during planting, increasing the seeding rates, and planting tolerant cultivars.

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The author reports on injury patterns, mechanisms, chief complaints, EMS impressions, as well as demographics of patients reporting to USBP EMS. A knowledge of these injury patterns will be useful to EMS administrators and physicians along the US Mexico border. Baker RA . Border injuries: an analysis of prehospital demographics, mechanisms, and patterns of injuries encountered by USBP EMS agents in the El Paso (Texas USA) Sector. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):431-436.

Misdirection of nasogastric tubes into the cranial cavity of trauma patients is a well‐understood complication that has been well documented in the literature. As a result, recommendations have been established in the use of nasogastric tubes where trauma or suspected skull fractures are identified. Orogastric tube placement is also a commonly performed procedure during trauma resuscitation attempts and is often necessary during patient management. However, no literature currently exists demonstrating misdirection of orogastric tube placement into the spinal canal following trauma and as such, no similar recommendations exist. We review a case of orogastric tube misplacement into the spinal canal due to atlanto‐occipital dissociation and suggest a recommendation for prevention.