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This article discusses an investigation that explored the relationship between the ethnic identity and career choice of Mexican American and Euro-American Spanish bilingual teaching candidates. In-depth interviews with 6 Mexican American and Euro-American preservice bilingual teaching candidates respectively were analyzed to determine their reference group orientation, affiliative identity, and rationale for becoming a bilingual teacher. Mexican American bilingual teaching candidates indicated a strong reference group orientation and affiliative identity toward Mexican culture, whereas their Euro-American counterparts indicated a diffused reference group orientation toward Mexican culture. Mexican American bilingual teaching candidates also indicated biculturalism and serving as role models for Latino children as being important reasons for becoming bilingual teachers. Euro-American teaching candidates did not see themselves as role models for Latino children. Instead, they indicated various other reasons for becoming a bilingual teacher.

Hops and colleagues developed an audiotaped refusals skills test in which students respond to cigarette offers and their responses are scored for content. The present study employed a modified analogue skills test. Modifications included adding a separate subscale for smokeless tobacco, emphasizing repeated offers and group pressure, and rating the quality of responses (good, fair, poor). The test was evaluated in four seventh-grade classrooms (N = 78). Half had participated in a refusals skills training program; the others were controls. Intervention subjects provided more "good" responses and fewer "poor" responses than controls. In a multiple regression, repeated and group offers were associated with the quality of response, while offerer's gender and type of tobacco variables were not associated. In a second regression, experimental condition was associated with quality of the responses, while gender, ethnicity, exposure to tobacco, use of tobacco, and attitudes toward the test were not associated.