Northeastern part of Anatolia is a gene center of grapevine and a wide diversity of Fox grapes grow here. Viticulture and some grapevines in the Black Sea Region (in the north of Turkey) are on the verge of extinction; several types and varieties grown in this region have never been described and did not survive till present. For the past 10 years vineyards and grapevines in the Black Sea Region have been studied. In the present study, eighteen grapevines of foxy taste grown in the Artvin and Rize provinces were described. An ampelographic description of young shoot, mature shoot, young leaf, mature leaf, berry, bunch and seed were carried out using the OIV (Office International de la Vigne et du Vin) list for grapevine cultivars and Vitis species. However, several other parameters of the cultivars were measured for evaluation. 163American or French-American hybrids of Fox grapes like Beta, Cynthiana, Mars, Venus, Concord, Delaware, Catawba and Niagara are grown on limited acreages in North America; they were derived from North America native Vitis labrusca and an unknown Vinifera, and were probably created by random pollination as a result of the 18 th century attempts to establish European vines in the U.S. Labrusca grapes are also found in colder regions of Eastern Europe. These species have relatively low sugar, low acid, low pH, soft pulp with thick skin, and few moderate-size berries per bunch; they suit best for fresh use and for jam, juice, wine, pekmez and jelly production. Fruit flavors are described as foxy or like passion fruit. Fox grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) are generally more resistant to fungal diseases than Vinifera species. They can be used as a rootstock in the areas where phylloxera disease is prevalent and can also be used in breeding programs with Vitis vinifera in order to impart its resistance (Winkler et al. 1974;Weaver 1976;Antcliff 1997;Çelik 2004). Furthermore, Hardie and Cirami (1997) reported that Labrusca grapes seem to tolerate acidic soil conditions such as those in Northeastern Turkey.Ampelography is a scientific branch focused on differentiation and identification of grapevine varieties and hybrids. As varietal confusions continuously occur, the importance of developing an identification procedure increases (Morton 1979;Fidan 1985). Ampelographic studies have been made since the 17 th century; the characteristics of many grapes were determined by different researchers in various countries (Kara 1990;Schneider, Manini 1994;Martinez, Perez 1999;Braykov et al. 2002;Zahedi et al. 2002;Russo et al. 2004). Determination of grape characters used to be based on "Descriptor for Grapevine (Vitis spp.)" prepared by the International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) in 1983; however, the latest list was developed in cooperation with Office International de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV) and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) in 1997 (Anonymous 1997). The ampelographic studies in Turkey were first made by Oraman (1972); since then, the...

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ABSTRACT:The effects of different levels of bud loading on the yield and some leaf and fruit characteristics in Hayward cultivar (A. deliciosa) in the province of Ordu, Turkey were examined during two growing seasons in 2000-2001. Six years old kiwifruit vines were pruned to carry the loads of 120, 180, 240 or 300 buds/vine on the canes with 12 buds. The study determined probable total leaf area (PTLA), probable total leaf number (PTLN), probable total leaf weight (PTLW) and yield per vine. Mean fruit weight (MFW) and soluble solid contents (SSC, %) of fruits were expressed. In addition, unit leaf area/100 g fruit weight (ULA/FW) was calculated. Leaf characteristics were examined in 3 periods of the growing season. Correlations between yield, leaf and fruit characteristics and treatments were determined. The result of the experiment, namely mean leaf area (MLA), mean leaf weight (MLW), PTLA, PTLN, PTLW ranged between 185.51-194.17 cm 2 , 7.98-8.67 g, 21.047-58.61 m 2 /vine, 1,129.6-3,035.3 number/vine, 9.04-25.68 kg/vine, respectively. The mean yields of vines loaded with 120 and 300 buds were 34.84 and 100.96 kg/vine (12.19 and 35.34 ton/ha), respectively. Mean leaf area and mean leaf weight increased with increasing levels of bud loading, whereas MFW and ULA/FW decreased. There was a negative relationship between MFW, SSC and yield, and a positive relationship between MLA, PTLA and yield. ULA/FW ratio was between 581.88-611.54 cm 2 according to the bud loading level. Fruit size diminished as a consequence of dense canopies in both levels of bud loading (120 and 300 buds/vine). Unit leaf area per fruit weight ranged between 581.88-611.54 cm 2 /100 g, with respect to the bud loading applications. Increasing levels of bud loading resulted in reduced ULA/FW ratio and affected yield and some leaf and fruit characteristics.